The thiazole derivatives were prepared by the reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives with (2-thiooxamide-5-(p-bromobenzene)-1,3-thiazole) that was readily prepared by heating dithiooxamide with 4-bromophenacylbromide. Within invitro study the the effect of the prepared compounds on the growth of two types of fungi geotrichum cadidum and Trichophyton rubrum and the bacteria Escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was evaluated. Incubation time and concentration were studied to find the optimal conditions for the activity. Compound II with the concentration 20 mg/ml found to be the most active compound toward geotrichum and Trichophyton rubrum. Statistical analysis of the values of colonial diameter shows low percentage error for the studied fungi with regard to incubation time.

Stopping power due to collisions ions with free and bound electrons in a plasma targets, is analyzed dependent on the classical-Bohr and quantized-Bloch for different temperatures. The energy loss and stopping power of ions calculated by using dielectric formalism ∈ − 1 ( q , q → ⋅ v → ) and study different affects plasma parameters on the movement ions channeling in plasma target, at low (1, 1.5) eV and high (103) eV temperatures, density (ne=1020 ) cm–3 and Debye length (λD = 0.2) a.u. The results are obtained for dielectric function equation. Showed the sopping power and energy loss dependent on the plasma parameters and movement ions increases about 30%.

In this short review definition, mechanism, and recent developments of the Stetter reaction, in the period last ten years from 2011 to 2021 are presented. This reaction comprises N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed umpolung of aldehydes followed by their capturing with activated carbon-carbon double bonds (Michael acceptors). This work includes also progresses in the inter-molecular and intra-molecular versions and enantioselective transformations. Underscoring the recent advances in the applications of Stetter reaction in the synthesis of various heterocyclic systems and total synthesis of natural products have been also introduced.

Heavy metals can be considered in the aquatic environment as natural archaeological components and their quantities have risen as a result of industrial pollution. Heavy metals do not degrade over time and their concentrations can only rise due to bioaccumulation unlike organic contaminants. In the recent period, fish consumption has increased significantly because of its nutritional benefits, as it is a vital source of protein, as well as being high in critical vitamins and minerals. Because of the presence of heavy metals in frozen fish, it is a global public health issue concern but their presence remains essential and important for human physiological activities. However, when concentrations exceed the established allowed limits, they can be detrimental. The aim of this study was to quantify the concentration of heavy metals in frozen fish samples selected from Baghdad’s local markets. Six samples (Cleaned Shrimps, Anchovy Fillets, Captain Fisher Shrimps, Mackerel Fillets, Super Fresh Kalamar Squid and Frozen Rainbow Trout) of common brands of imported fish were selected from Iraqi markets in Baghdad. Acid digestion with a mixture of (65% HNO3 with 37% HCL) was carried out to free heavy metals fromfish samples to prepare solutions for testing in atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) device. The results reveal that the element concentrations in the selected samples (Cr, Co, Fe, Cu, Ni, K, Zn and Mg) are within the acceptable levels, and are lower than the permitted exposure limits according to international standards. It is remarkable to mention that the quantities of (Cd and Pb) are lower than permissible exposure limits of cadmium (0.2 mg/Kg) and lead (0.5 mg/Kg), implying that these imported items could be consumed safely.