Background:Aeromonas hydrophila cause one of the most important diseases in fishes and lead to economic losses, and may be contaminated human beings.Objectives:The current research aimed to investigate the anti-bacterial activity shown by the extracts prepared from different parts of Olea europea, Myrtus communis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinuis officinalis, and Achillea falcata that grow in Syria against A. hydrophila that causes the most dangerous bacterial diseases in fish.Materials and Methods:The study was performed in four stages: First of all, the presence of A. hydrophila was investigated in 450 Samples of Cyprinus Carpio fish using blood agar, Trypticase soya agar, and Analytical Profile Index (API20E). Secondly, the plants extract was obtained using water, absolute alcohol, then ether using Soxhlet extraction apparatus and rotary vacuum evaporator. Thirdly, the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics on these bacteria was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Finally, the antibacterial effect of the extracts was determined by disk diffusion method.Results:The studied antibiotics showed no antibacterial activity against these bacteria, except amikacin which had an acceptable effectiveness. However, the ethanol extracts of the studied plants revealed different antibacterial effects against A. hydrophila which showed antibiotic resistant. T. vulgaris extract had the strongest effect, whereas O. europea extract had the weakest activity. The water and ether petroleum extracts had no antibacterial activities.Conclusions:Ethanol extracts of the studied plants had different antibacterial effects against antibiotic-resistant A. hydrophila. T. vulgaris had the highest activity, R. officinalis had the second, and M. communis and A. falcate were in the third place, while the O. europea had the weakest antibacterial activity.

The present study was performed to explore the curative effect of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in an experimental model of myoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). In this experimental model, Rats were injected with 50% glycerol (10 mL/kg, im) followed by an hour later and daily in the next six days by MSM (400 mg/kg) or saline. Kidney's function (urea and creatinine), and reduced glutathione were analyzed. A renal failure produced by glycerol injection, with a significant increase of blood urea and serum creatinine was observed. Rats that received MSM in addition to glycerol had significantly lower blood urea and serum creatinine levels compared to those receiving glycerol alone. However, glutathione has markedly increased after MSM treatment. The effect is probably due to the antioxidant activity of MSM. This may provide therapeutic opportunities for treating humans, myoglobinuric ARF.

Objective: Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that affects the mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum. It is associated with oxidative stress, neutrophil infiltration and production of inflammatory mediators. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) in treatment the acetic acid (A) induced model for UC in rats were examined. Methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced by intra colonic administration of 2 ml of 4% acetic acid in adult male Wistar rats which were divided into 3 groups: normal control (N), acetic acid (A) control, and MSM (1000 mg/kg). Rats received treatment for six consecutive days. On day 7, the rats were sacrificed, the colon was removed, the body weight, colon weight/length ratio, tissue glutathione (GSH) concentration, and macroscopic evaluations, were performed. Results: The colon weight/length ratio was decreased significantly (????<0.05). The glutathione (GSH) concentration was increased significantly (????<0.05). The macroscopic parameters were decreased, but it didn’t reduce significantly in the MSM treated groups compared to group A. Contrariwise the parameters of group A. The levels of body weight were increased, and colon weight/length ratio was decreased significantly (????<0.05). The glutathione (GSH) concentration was increased significantly (????<0.05). The macroscopic parameters were decreased significantly in the MSM treated group, compared to the acetic acid-treated group. Conclusions: Methylsulfonylmethane is an effective, safety natural product with little side effects, has a good curative effect in a dose (1000 mg/kg) on experimental Ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid.

Background: Continuous researches on drugs that solve the problem of growing number of resistant bacteria are important. Objectives: This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of anti-bacterial properties shown by the extracts prepared from different parts of Punica granatum L. (punicaceae), grown in Syria, against Pasteurella haemolytica, which are resistant to all studied antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A total number of 504 samples of dead sheep lungs were investigated for detection of P. haemolytica, using blood agar, blue methylene, and biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, indole, urease). Different parts of P. granatum (pericarp, leaves, flowers, seeds) were extracted by water, absolute alcohol, and ether using soxhlet device and rotary vacuum evaporator. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for P. haemolytica by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was conducted, then the extracts susceptibility test against P. haemolytica was conducted. Results: P. haemolytica has infected 20.63% of the total number of samples. The alcoholic extracts prepared from different parts of P. granatum showed the high antibacterial effectiveness, the pericarp extract was the best, whereas the water and ether petroleum extracts had no antibacterial effectiveness against resistant P. haemolytica. Conclusions: Ethanol extracts of P. granatum (pericarp, leaves, flowers, seeds) have antibacterial effects against P. haemolytica which has shown resistance to all studied antibiotics.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a common clinical problem with serious consequences and unsatisfactory therapeutic options. Mast cells are distributed in the kidneys, have a role in the inflammation. Thus, a model of Acute kidney injury of rhabdomyolysis induced by glycerol was done in order to investigate the possible healing effect of Ketotifen, a selective stabilizer of mast cells and a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, in rats. Methods: Wister rats (250-350 g) were used. Renal failure was produced by rats deprived of water for 24 hours followed by i.m. injection with 50% (vol/vol) glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight). After 30 min, Ketotifen was used at a dose of 2 mg/kg. Rats received treatment for 5 consecutive days. On the 6th day, the rats were sacrificed; blood was obtained for blood urea and creatinine assays. The kidney tissue was used for the determination the histological injury. Results: The levels of urea and creatinine were decreased significantly (