Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The integrated curriculum adopted by the university effects the learning process of dental students. They prefer selective study of specific objectives rather than developing a deeper understanding of anatomy. Thus, students’ perceptions would be helpful in improving curriculum delivery, at university level, for beneficial future clinical roles. METHODOLOGY: A qualitative exploratory study in a dental college affiliated with regional medical university spread over three months.   Second year BDS class (50 students) was purposively chosen excluding first year students. Fifteen item questionnaire was developed and distributed via Google form  followed by inductive analysis. RESULTS:  Forty-eight students (96%) responded. Seven themes and eighteen subthemes emerged. Three themes expressed students’ preference for group study, small group discussion and visual learning style. Content of anatomy was suggested to be divided in two years by few. In theme “Anatomy assessment weightage” majority consented on same number of multiple-choice questions of anatomy as other subjects as all found it difficult to prepare it in one day with other subjects. Most of them considered such anatomy assessment weightage to have a positive impact on their future practitioner role. CONCLUSION: Dental students are satisfied with the content of anatomy in each block. Main concern raised is misalignment between anatomy assessment weightage and its delivered content. This drives students to do selective anatomy study in each block. This concern should be considered by university in redesigning future curriculum to equip students with necessary knowledge of anatomy required by dentists in their future roles.