IntroductionMedical emergencies in dental clinic can be upsetting to any practicing dentist. Cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is one such medical emergency which can occur in dental office. Every dental practitioner therefore should at least be able to perform the basics of CPR. The purpose of the study was to demonstrate self-perceived perceptions of change in knowledge, skills and confidence level of 3 rd year dental students after introduction of simulation based basic life support (BLS) teaching. It was assumed that after simulation based BLS teaching, dental students would feel more confident in providing immediate management to a patient of cardiac arrest during dental practice.Methods 3 rd year dental students attending General Medicine clinical rotation received two hours simulation based BLS teaching and perceptions of students were taken on a questionnaire, based on Likert scale. Change in self-perceived perceptions of knowledge, skills and confidence of students was analyzed. ResultsAnalysis showed that simulation based teaching significantly increases the level of knowledge, skills and selfperceived confidence of students regarding BLS skills. ConclusionThe study determined the perceived effectiveness of simulation based teaching in increasing the confidence level of dental students regarding performance of BLS skills in dental office.Ibnerasa S, de Garve W MedEdPublish

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The tuberculosis (TB) of the spine is causing permanent deformities since long time. Earliest most possible accurate diagnosis is required to treat either TB or to exclude other lesions to avoid permanent disability. METHODOLOGY: This is a descriptive study conducted at pathology department of Lahore Medical & Dental College (LM&DC), Lahore from January 2017 to December 2019. All the spine biopsies received in Pathology department were included in the study irrespective of age and sex. Each biopsy was grossly and microscopically examined and reported by a histopathologist. RESULTS: Out of 386 specimens received, 189 (48.9%) were clinically diagnosed as tuberculosis. Out of these 189 cases, 127 were confirmed on histopathological examination showing clinicopathological correlations in 67.19 % of cases. The rest 62 (32.80%) of the cases were reported as chronic non specific inflammation (38), degenerative changes (11), metastatic tumor (04), and atypical cell infiltrate (02), plasma cell neoplasm (01), Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (01) and other lesions (05) which all were benign. Out of the total 386 spine biopsies, 154 (39.89 %) were histopathologically proven for tuberculosis.  From these 154 histologically proven cases, 127 were clinically suspected cases of Tuberculosis. No clinical diagnosis was provided in 02 patients. The rest of 25 patients were clinically labeled as pathological lesion without specific diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Histopathology should be considered as the most reliable tool for spinal tuberculosis to minimize permanent disability associated with wrong management based on potentially erroneous clinical diagnosis.

Clinical skills centers have become an integral part of the curricular requirements in most modern medical schools and postgraduate centers; worldwide. There has also been a growing interest in the development of clinical skills laboratories in the developing countries in the past decade. Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan took the initiative of developing a low cost clinical skills lab in July 2010.The development of skills lab required a multi-step approach. A six steps approach of Syme-Drant (2005) was modified and used to develop clinical skills lab teaching and learning protocols. The objective of this study is to describe the stages involved in the development of a low cost, clinical skills training center in a medical college in a developing country.