Background: Congenital anomalies or birth defects are groups of disordered of prenatal origin which can be caused by single gene defect, chromosomal disordered, multifactorial inheritance, and environmental teratogens. Objective: To detect the incidence and types of congenital anomalies, as well as other associated factors. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Albatool teaching hospital in Baquba city in Diyala government as a cross sectional study of 130 neonates with congenital anomalies from the period of 1st January to 31th December 2017. Patients were categorized according to Age of mother of neonate with congenital anomaly, address, residency, consanguinity between mother and father, mother`s history of Diabetes Mellitus, periconceptional folic acid use, and abortion, also the sex of neonate, gestational age, birth weight, blood group and the type of congenital anomaly. Results: Males were significantly affected (60%) with congenital anomalies than females (37.7%). The percentage of congenital anomalies was more (68.46%) among neonates from consanguineous marriage than neonates from nonconsanguineous marriage (31.54%). Baqubah city was recorded high percentage of anomalies(42.3%), followed by Al-khalis district (24.6%),and then Mukdadia district (15.5%). High percentage of anomalies was recorded among neonates with mothers who did not use folic acid during peri conceptional period (57.7%),and among multiparity (70.76%), premature neonates(57%), caesarean section(60%), low birth weight neonates(53.84%), neonates with blood group O (42.3%), mother`s age 20-35 years (61.54%), and rural residency(69.24%), nervous system anomalies were the most common anomalies(43%), followed by anomalies of circulatory system(21.7%), and then chromosomal abnormalities(7.6%). Conclusion:The most common type of congenital malformations in Diyala government were nervous system malformations. Congenital malformations in Diyala Province were more common in Baquba city and AL Khalis district. Males were significantly affected more than females. Congenital anomalies were significantly more in offspring of consanguineous marriage than of non-consanguineous one. Folic acid usage during peri conceptional period was very important to reduce the incidence of congenital anomalies especially neural tube defects.

Background: Obesity is an abnormal or increased fat accumulation in the body. Body mass index (BMI) defined as a person weight in kilograms divided by the square of his height in meters (kg/m 2 ). It is a very simple index that more commonly used to identify overweight and obesity in adults. For childhood, the amount of body fat differs from that an adult because it differs according to the age and to the sex, so the BMI age-and sex-specific percentiles are used. Obesity in children is a real health problem worldwide especially in developed countries, as well as, it increases in developing countries. Childhood obesity predispose to type 2 diabetics, hypertension, liver and renal disease, cardiovascular diseases and adult obesity. Objective: To detect the prevalence and possible risk factors for childhood obesity in primary schools in Baqubah city from age 6 to 12 years. Patients and Methods: The study was cross-sectional study conducted on a random sample of 6 primary schools from different localities in Baqubah city, followed by a systematic random sample of 308 children aged from 6 to12 years of both sexes. A questionnaire sent to the parents to get information on socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits, physical activity, family history of obesity and parents education and job. Children's height (cm), weight (Kg), and BMI-for-age were measured. Child's weight status was categorized based on WHO 2007 Growth Reference. This study was included 308 child, the mean age was 9.32±1.9year, 51.9% of the children were males, and 49.1% were female the mean BMI was 18.36±4. Only 2.5% of the studied sample were underweight, while 73.4%, 14.3% and 9.4% were of normal, overweight or obese respectively. Results: About 48% of children in this study eat sweets, 48.5% do regular sports, 48.7% watch TV or mobile for more than 2 hours daily. It was found that 34.7% of children got positive family history of obesity, regarding educational level of parents 39% of mothers and 42.9% of fathers got primary level of education and 33.1% of mothers, 31.2% of fathers got higher than secondary level. Conclusion:The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.7% in primary schoolchildren in Baqubah city. The study supports the multi factorial etiology of obesity It showed that sedentary life style, positive family history and eating un healthy foods are risk factors.

Background:Glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the commonest genetic disorder and is one of the most frequent red cell enzymopathies worldwide, Individuals with this disorder are prone to jaundice and hemolysis upon exposure to certain triggers, including fava bean consumption & certain drugs Objective:To determine the rate of G6PD deficiency among neonate with jaundice and in relation to certain epidemiological character in Baquba city. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study includes (155) neonates from both sex, males (106) and females (49) From 1st February to 30th July 2018, in neonatal care unit in Albatool Teaching Hospital in Baquba city, the diagnosis was done by ELISA test to detect G6PD deficiency among neonate with jaundice. Results: Out of 155 neonates, showed male neonates & female neonate, 39 (97.5%), 1 (2.5%) respectively were found to have G6PD deficiency, the mean age among G6PD deficient and normal 3.0±1.6; 4.3±2.4 days respectively, with significant difference (P 0.001), the mean TSB level among G6PD deficient neonate, normal neonates were 17.4±3.55, 15.9±3.19 (mg/100 ml) respectively with significant difference (P 0.014). Conclusion:The rate of G6PD deficiency was (25.8%) among the studied neonates, It was discovered more among first, second and third age of life and it was more among male than female.