Objective: The present study was conducted to analyze the correlation of ABO blood groups in pregnant mother’s suffering from partial and complete Hydatidiform mole (HM) reporting at our tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Observational study Place and Duration: Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro from May 2018 to October 2018. Methods: The present observational study analyzed the ABO blood groups of diagnosed cases of partial and complete type HM reporting at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A sample of 100 pregnant women suffering from Partial and complete HM and of their husbands was studied by inclusion criteria. ABO blood groups of these patients were determined as A, B, AB and O groups. Blood samples were processed for complete blood counts. Tests were performed at the Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad by forward and reverse ABO blood typing. Severity of GTD was assessed by WHO index score. Statistical comparisons of continuous and categorical variables run on SPSS ver. 21.0 at 95% confidence interval (P≤0.05). Results: Clinical presenting features bleeding PV, pain, hyperemesis gravidarum, grape like vesicles passage PV, no fetal heart sound, ovarian enlargement and hyperthyroidism. Partial and complete Hydatidiform mole was common in blood group A noted in 53 and 13 respectively. While Partial and complete Hydatidiform mole in blood group O was noted in 20 and 8 patients respectively (P=0.0001). The β–hCG ranged from 50,000 to 10, 00,000 mIU/mL. Conclusion: It is concluded, the hydatidiform mole proves strong association with blood groups A and O. Pregnant women complaining of bleeding PV, hyperemesis gravidarum, grape like vesicles passage with blood group A and O should be thoroughly investigated to minimize the maternal health risk. Keywords: Hydatidiform mole, Molar pregnancy, ABO blood groups

Aim: To assess the lipid profile and vitamin B12 levels in women having gestational diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Case Control study. Place and Duration: Department of Biochemistry and Gynecology/Obstetrics LUMHS Hospital Jamshoro total 1 year duration from January 2018 to December 2018. Methodology: A sample of 291 pregnant women was grouped as; 216 diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 75 non gestational diabetes mellitus were selected according to criteria. Sera were evaluated for glucose (hexokinase method), blood lipids and Vitamin B12 (ECLIA assay method) by Cobas chemistry analyzer. Triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TAGs/HDLc) ratio was calculated as log of transformed TAGs to HDLc. TAGs/HDLc ratio was labelled as low risk (0.3 – 0.1), medium risk (0.1 – 0.24) and high risk (>0.24). Statistical SPSS software 21.0 (IBM, Inc USA) was used to analyze the research variables at 95% CI (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Age of cases was 37.9±5.19 years (P=0.051). Fasting and random blood glucose levels were elevated significantly (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 in cases was low noted as 155.6±71.3 ng/mL compared to 251.5±33.1 in control (P=0.0001). Any type of vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 153 (70.51%) GDM cases compared to 37 (49.4%) control (P=0.0001). Low, medium and high atherogenicity risk was found in 56.01%, 37.5% and 6.4% GDM cases and 50.5%, 36.6% and 0% in control respectively (P=0.0001). Conclusion: It was found in the present study that triglyceride to HDLc ratio was found elevated in Gestational Diabetes mellitus women with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Objective: To determine frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency and dyslipidemia and calculate atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in Gestational Diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University Jamshoro. Period: January 2018 to December 2019. Material & Methods: 216 cases of GDM were selected by inclusion criteria. Venous blood sampling collected blood sample that were centrifuged to get sera. Glucose, vitamin B12, and blood lipids were estimated by standard methods. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) was calculated as log TAG/HDLc ratio. Data was analysed by SPSS 21.0 ver. at 95% CI (P≤0.05). Results: Vitamin B12 deficiency and Dyslipidemia were noted in 151 (69.9%) and 165 (23.61%) of GDM cases respectively (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 was found low as 156.62±82.9 ng/mL. TC (244.07±49.11), TAGs (699.4±249.5), and LDLc (137.9±40.84) were found high and HDLc (33.13±5.71) was low. High and medium risk AIP was noted in 17 (7.87%) and 29 (13.4%) of GDM cases (P=0.0001). Vitamin B12 proved negative TC (r= -0.25, P=0.02), TAG (r= -0.23, P=0.02), LDLc (r= -0.79, P=0.0001) and positive correlation with HDLc (r= 0.76, P=0.0001). Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency and Dyslipidemia were noted in 151 (69.9%) and 165 (23.61%) of GDM cases respectively. High and medium risk AIP was noted in 17 (7.87%) and 29 (13.4%) of GDM cases.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and severity of disease in COVID-19 patients presenting with and without comorbidities.  Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: ICUs, wards of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from March, to June 2021. Methodology: The enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 ie according to the provisional directions given by WHO, were assessed for clinical outcomes. Comorbidities were determined based on patients self-report on admission.   Results: Total 200 COVID patients were enrolled in the study, out of them 179 were with comorbidities like type 2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac disorders and  asthma, while 21 COVID patients were with no co morbidity. In present study (n=200), 55.5% were belonging to the age group more than fifty five years old, there were 50.5% males and 29.5% patients came in the month of June 2021. There were 84% hypertensive, 54% were diabetic, 10% were Ischemic Heart Disease and 5% were Asthmatic patients.  Clinical outcomes, i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, Myocardial Infarction,   septic shock, heart failure, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation was compared  regarding associated co-morbidities at the time of admission, p-value was <0.01 and  x2=20.15 . Conclusion: COVID patients with comorbidities are more at risk of developing worst clinical outcomes.