Objective: The present study was conducted to analyze the correlation of ABO blood groups in pregnant mother’s suffering from partial and complete Hydatidiform mole (HM) reporting at our tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Observational study Place and Duration: Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro from May 2018 to October 2018. Methods: The present observational study analyzed the ABO blood groups of diagnosed cases of partial and complete type HM reporting at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A sample of 100 pregnant women suffering from Partial and complete HM and of their husbands was studied by inclusion criteria. ABO blood groups of these patients were determined as A, B, AB and O groups. Blood samples were processed for complete blood counts. Tests were performed at the Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad by forward and reverse ABO blood typing. Severity of GTD was assessed by WHO index score. Statistical comparisons of continuous and categorical variables run on SPSS ver. 21.0 at 95% confidence interval (P≤0.05). Results: Clinical presenting features bleeding PV, pain, hyperemesis gravidarum, grape like vesicles passage PV, no fetal heart sound, ovarian enlargement and hyperthyroidism. Partial and complete Hydatidiform mole was common in blood group A noted in 53 and 13 respectively. While Partial and complete Hydatidiform mole in blood group O was noted in 20 and 8 patients respectively (P=0.0001). The β–hCG ranged from 50,000 to 10, 00,000 mIU/mL. Conclusion: It is concluded, the hydatidiform mole proves strong association with blood groups A and O. Pregnant women complaining of bleeding PV, hyperemesis gravidarum, grape like vesicles passage with blood group A and O should be thoroughly investigated to minimize the maternal health risk. Keywords: Hydatidiform mole, Molar pregnancy, ABO blood groups

Objective: To compare online versus physical teaching in the period of Covid-19.Study design: Comparative cross-sectional studyPlace and duration of study: Anatomy department in collaboration with physiology department, Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from December 2021 to January 2022Methods: In this study,the explanatory and correlational methodology was used. The participants wereMBBS/BDS medical studentsof Liaquat University of medical and health sciences Jamshoro, and the sample size was a convenience sample of 246students. After receiving clearance from the ethical review committee of the university, students were recruited through a mobile app (i.e., WhatsApp). They were invited to complete an anonymous online survey using a Google Form, and all gave their informed consent.Counts with percentages were reported for the best teaching method voted by respondents, advantages, and disadvantages of online and physical teaching methods were also assessed. Opinions were compared across groups using the Pearson Chi-Square test.Results: In the present study there were two hundred forty-six samples surveyed among them 74.8% voted the physical teaching, 12.2% voted for online teaching and 6.5% elected both kinds of teaching methods, whereas 6.5% did not vote for any teaching method as the best teaching method.Conclusion: We concluded that the majority of our students like and favor the physical teaching method as compared to the online teaching method.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and severity of disease in COVID-19 patients presenting with and without comorbidities.  Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: ICUs, wards of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from March, to June 2021. Methodology: The enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 ie according to the provisional directions given by WHO, were assessed for clinical outcomes. Comorbidities were determined based on patients self-report on admission.   Results: Total 200 COVID patients were enrolled in the study, out of them 179 were with comorbidities like type 2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac disorders and  asthma, while 21 COVID patients were with no co morbidity. In present study (n=200), 55.5% were belonging to the age group more than fifty five years old, there were 50.5% males and 29.5% patients came in the month of June 2021. There were 84% hypertensive, 54% were diabetic, 10% were Ischemic Heart Disease and 5% were Asthmatic patients.  Clinical outcomes, i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, Myocardial Infarction,   septic shock, heart failure, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation was compared  regarding associated co-morbidities at the time of admission, p-value was <0.01 and  x2=20.15 . Conclusion: COVID patients with comorbidities are more at risk of developing worst clinical outcomes.