This paper presents an optimisation model for a general polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system suitable for efficiency and size trade-offs investigation. Simulation of the model for a base case shows that for a given output power, a more efficient system is bigger and vice versa. Using the weighting method to perform a multi-objective optimisation, the Pareto sets were generated for different stack output powers. A Pareto set, presented as a plot of the optimal efficiency and area of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), gives a quantitative description of the compromise between efficiency and size. Overall, our results indicate that, to make the most of the size-efficiency trade-off behaviour, the system must be operated at an efficiency of at least 40% but not more than 47%. Furthermore, the MEA area should be at least 3 cm 2 per Watt for the efficiency to be practically useful. Subject to the constraints imposed on the model, which are based on technical practicalities, a PEM fuel cell system such as the one presented in this work cannot operate at an efficiency above 54%. The results of this work, specifically the multi-objective model, will form a useful and practical basis for subsequent techno-economic studies for specific applications.
Micro‐cogeneration is a promising technology that has the potential to lower energy costs and CO2 emissions in the residential housing sector. Among the different micro‐cogeneration technologies, fuel cells offer the potential benefits of the highest electrical efficiency, lowest emissions, and a heat‐to‐power ratio that is well suited for residential applications. The design of fuel‐cell micro‐cogeneration systems involves decision making in which trade‐offs are made between conflicting objectives. This paper illustrates the use of modeling and optimization in informing system design by generating different design alternatives that contain these trade‐offs, thus allowing the design engineers to make decisions in a quantitative and rational way.
This article is categorized under:
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Systems and Infrastructure
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