ObjectivesKapalbhathi Pranayam (Kapal = forehead; bhati = shining) is a breathing exercise that has been practiced to cleanse the frontal brain in traditional practices like yoga. Still, there exists a dearth of literature on the effect of Kapalbhathi pranayama on physiological systems. So this present study was carried out to find the immediate effect of “kapalbhathi Pranayam” practice for the period of 5 min on cardiac autonomic function among the healthy volunteers.Materials and methodsApparently 50 healthy volunteers includes both sex were participated. They were randomly divided into Pranayama (n−25) and control (n−25) group. Pranayama group was practiced kapalbhathi pranayama 5 min (5 cycles) and control group was allowed to do normal breathing (12–16 breath/min). Lead II ECG was recorded for 5 min using simple AD converter before, immediately after practice and 20 min of recovery period.ResultsOne way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc test was done using R statistical software. There was a significant (p < 0.05) parasympathetic withdrawal (Root Mean Square of the Successive Differences (RMSSD) – p < 0.04 and HF n.u – p < 0.05) was found in the pranayama group immediately after practice and its was changed to parasympathetic domination (RMSSD – p < 0.04 and HF n.u – p < 0.05) after 20 min of recovery period.ConclusionThe present study suggested that though there was parasympathetic withdrawal immediately after practicing kapalbhathi pranayama, 20 min after the recovery period showed a parasympathetic domination in the pranayama group subjects. However, further studies are required to warrant the findings of this study.

Introduction and Aim:Diabetes mellitus, especially type II DM is one among the most prevalent metabolic diseases in the global scale. One of the commonest complications of diabetes mellitus is vestibulopathy affecting the inner ear. Malondialdehyde (MDA) obtained from lipid peroxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is an important compound that generally serves as one of the key markers for oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to prove the significance of MDA in Vestibulopathy in Type-2 i.e.,non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.   Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 100 diabetic patients of age group between 35 years and 50 years were tested for vestibular function by electronystagmography(Commonly used test to determine and evaluate vestibular system). Based on the biothermal caloric stimulation the Clausen butterfly chart was generated and thus the code is ascertained. Serum levels of Malon-di-aldehyde were assayed by TBARS method (Thiobarbituric acid Reactive substances).   Results: The study proved, that there was a 4 times increased risk of developing vestibulopathy with increasing duration of diabetes. It also proved that there was an increased risk of developing vestibulopathy in diabetic patients, having MDA > 2?mol/L.   Conclusion: Thereby the study confirmed the clinical significance of periodic screening of MDA levels, in diabetic patients, particularly those with uncontrolled/poor glycemic control & with longer duration of diabetes. Estimation of their serum MDAlevels and vestibular function by the electronystagmography test, is advised in order to prevent the occurrence of diabetic vestibulopathy at the earliest and also to prevent the worsening of any such, other complications associated with the disease.

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C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein produced by the liver. CRP levels in the blood, rises when there is an inflammatory condition in the body. A CRP test determines the amount of CRP in the blood to detect inflammation caused by acute conditions or to monitor disease severity in chronic conditions. Covid – 19 is an inflammatory condition, and an increase in CRP level helps in assessing the severity of covid illness. Our aim is to compare the severity of covid illness between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals by estimating the CRP level. This is a cross-sectional study that included 100 Covid positive patients who were clinically diagnosed with fever at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital and were randomly selected (both vaccinated and unvaccinated) for the study. The level of serum C-Reactive Protein was estimated in all covid positive patients using the latex agglutination method. Of the 100 covid positive patients, 30 were vaccinated and 70 were not, with 8 vaccinated and 63 non-vaccinated individuals hospitalized due to increased severity. Only 27% of vaccinated people had elevated CRP levels, whereas up to 90% of non-vaccinated people had elevated CRP levels, emphasizing the importance of vaccination in reducing the severity of covid-19 infection. From this study, it was concluded that it is mandatory to estimate CRP level in covid- 19 patients as it is an inflammatory marker to assess the severity of the infection in them. Consequently, it is found that vaccines play an important role in reducing the severity of covid infection (as inflammation is reduced)