Process and sensor noise often affect the monitoring of slowly changing faults in highspeed trains, which seriously increases the difficulty of slow-change fault detection (FD). By introducing the idea of dynamic inner into the framework of multiple statistics, a novel dynamic inner slowness feature analysis (DISFA) is proposed in this article. This method considers both dynamic and static conditions and improves the detection speed of slow-change faults of running gears, and improves the detection rate of slow-change faults. Compared with other traditional methods, this method is more sensitive to slow changes, can effectively analyze fault-related data, and improve the detection efficiency of slow-changing faults. First, the validity of the method proposed in this paper is proved by mathematical deduction, then it is verified by actual operation devices. INDEX TERMS slow-change fault, fault detection (FD), dynamic inner slow feature analysis (DISFA), high-speed trains.

Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) is one of the key enzymes involved in protein synthesis. Its mutations have been reported to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease which demonstrates muscular atrophy in distal extremities, particularly manifested in peroneus muscles. In this situation, the dysfunctions of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) affect energy supply and excitation-contraction coupling of muscle fibers, therefore resulting in muscular atrophy. Although the treatment of muscular atrophy is a global urgent problem, it can be improved by electroacupuncture (EA) treatment. To investigate the mechanism underlying EA treatment improving muscular atrophy, we focused on the perspective of protein synthesis by establishing a penicillin injection-induced sciatic nerve injury model. In our model, injured rats without treatment showed decreased sciatic functional index (SFI), decreased peroneus longus muscle weight and muscle fiber cross-sectional area, aggregated mitochondria with vacuoles appearing, swollen SR, and downregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of GlyRS and myosin heavy chain IIb (MHC-IIb). The injured rats with EA treatment showed significant recovery. These results indicated that EA stimulation can alleviate peroneus longus muscular atrophy induced by iatrogenic sciatic nerve injury through promoting the recovery of GlyRS and muscle ultrastructure and increasing muscle protein synthesis.

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