With the rapid development of distributed renewable energy (DRE), demand response (DR) programs, and the proposal of the energy internet, the current centralized trading of the electricity market model is unable to meet the trading needs of distributed energy. As a decentralized and distributed accounting mode, blockchain technology fits the requirements of distributed energy to participate in the energy market. Corresponding to the transaction principle, a blockchain-based integrated energy transaction mechanism is proposed, which divides the trading process into two stages: the call auction stage and the continues auction stage. The transactions among the electricity and heat market participants were used as examples to explain the details of the trading process. Finally, the smart contracts of the transactions were designed and deployed on the Ethereum private blockchain site to demonstrate the validity of the proposed transaction scheme.

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In this article, we address the optimal scheduling of continuous air separation processes with electricity purchased from the day-ahead market, for which we propose a generalized framework to represent different operating states. Specifically, a discrete-time mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed based on this representation for operating states, which has proven to provide a tight LP relaxation for handling industrial-scale instances. The computational efficiency of the model is demonstrated with data from real industrial production. The response of the scheduling and production level is also tested with various interval lengths for the electricity pricing and length of the time horizon.

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