No abstract

Types of wheat rust are among the most harmful diseases, which leads to a significant loss of yields. Under favorable conditions, the development of the disease can reduce the yield to 45% or more. During epiphytotic development, it covers an area of up to 1.5-2.0 mln ha and reduces the yields to 20-70%. Pathogens types of rust fungus diseases adapted to different climatic conditions, resulting in leaf rust meet annually and in all regions of wheat cultivation. Farms generally accepted crop protection from the disease by chemical means. However, the use of fungicides -is not only very costly, it is also environmentally safe, both for the near biological objects, and consumers received products. The most efficient and environmentally acceptable way to protect against the disease -a genetic. However, the gene pool of wheat resistance genes to rusts (P.recondita f. Sp. Tritici Rob. Ex Desm., P.graminis, P.striiformis) greatly exhausted, and every year there are new pathotypes of the pathogen able to overcome previous effective resistance genes (Lr, Sr, Yr-genes). Therefore, the stability test of wheat varieties and breeding for resistance is conducted in a continuous loop. The extension of genetic diversity of spring bread wheat varieties is possible by the involvement in hybridization of the new sources of valuable biological and economical features from the world's gene pool. The article on artificial infectious background investigation conducted spring wheat varieties for resistance to rusts and selected for the selection of resistant forms of immunity. The research revealed the forms resistant to leaf and stem rust and featuring high yielding potential.

The research work is devoted to researching the comparative influence of electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths on various physiological and morphological parameters of four common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars from Kazakhstan and Egypt. The comprehensive studies concerning various Functional mechanisms of living organisms under the action of electromagnetic radiations is a problem of special priority in biophysics and photobiology, revealing the general and specific plant resistance features to a given radiation source. These are of special importance when electromagnetic irradiations are carried out using various wavelengths, expositions and power intensities. The reactivity responses of living organisms to the action of various physical radiations usually take a part both metabolically and anatomo-morphologically, that is directed mainly to maintaining homeostasis. The purpose was based to reveal the morphological and physiological indicators of seeds and plants of four common wheat Triticum aestivum L. in a comparative aspect before and after the influence of electromagnetic radiations with wavelengths of 400.0 - 800.0 nm. The specific seed reactions feature of Triticum aestivum L have been established after the influence of electromagnetic radiations applying expositions and wavelengths.