Background: To our knowledge the efficacy of soy-dairy protein blend (PB) supplementation with resistance exercise training (RET) has not been evaluated in a longitudinal study.Objective: Our aim was to determine the effect of PB supplementation during RET on muscle adaptation.Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, healthy young men [18–30 y; BMI (in kg/m2): 25 ± 0.5] participated in supervised whole-body RET at 60–80% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) for 3 d/wk for 12 wk with random assignment to daily receive 22 g PB (n = 23), whey protein (WP) isolate (n = 22), or an isocaloric maltodextrin (carbohydrate) placebo [(MDP) n = 23]. Serum testosterone, muscle strength, thigh muscle thickness (MT), myofiber cross-sectional area (mCSA), and lean body mass (LBM) were assessed before and after 6 and 12 wk of RET.Results: All treatments increased LBM (P < 0.001). ANCOVA did not identify an overall treatment effect at 12 wk (P = 0.11). There tended to be a greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk in the PB group than in the MDP group (0.92 kg; 95% CI: −0.12, 1.95 kg; P = 0.09); however, changes in the WP and MDP groups did not differ. Pooling data from combined PB and WP treatments showed a trend for greater change in LBM from baseline to 12 wk compared with MDP treatment (0.69 kg; 95% CI: −0.08, 1.46 kg; P = 0.08). Muscle strength, mCSA, and MT increased (P < 0.05) similarly for all treatments and were not different (P > 0.10) between treatments. Testosterone was not altered. Conclusions: PB supplementation during 3 mo of RET tended to slightly enhance gains in whole-body and arm LBM, but not leg muscle mass, compared with RET without protein supplementation. Although protein supplementation minimally enhanced gains in LBM of healthy young men, there was no enhancement of gains in strength. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01749189.

It has been proposed that protein supplementation during resistance exercise training enhances muscle hypertrophy. The degree of hypertrophy during training is controlled in part through activation of satellite cells and myonuclear accretion. Purpose To determine the efficacy of protein supplementation (and the type of protein) during traditional resistance training on myofiber cross-sectional-area, satellite cell content and myonuclear addition. Methods Healthy young men participated in supervised whole body progressive resistance training 3d/wk for 12 weeks. Participants were randomized to one of three groups ingesting a daily 22g macronutrient dose of soy-dairy protein blend (PB, N=22), whey protein isolate (WP, N=15) or an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo (MDP, N=17). Lean mass, vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional-area, satellite cell content and myonuclear addition were assessed pre and post resistance training. Results PB and the pooled protein treatments (PB+WP=PRO) exhibited a greater whole body lean mass %change compared to MDP (p=0.057 for PB) and (P=0.050 for PRO), respectively. All treatments demonstrated similar leg muscle hypertrophy and vastus lateralis myofiber-type-specific cross-sectional-area (P<0.05). Increases in myosin heavy chain I and II myofiber satellite cell content and myonuclei content were also detected following exercise training (P<0.05). Conclusion Protein supplementation during resistance training has a modest effect on whole body lean mass as compared to exercise training without protein supplementation and there was no effect on any outcome between protein supplement types (Blend vs Whey). However, protein supplementation did not enhance resistance exercise-induced increases in myofiber hypertrophy, satellite cell content or myonuclear addition in young healthy men. We propose that as long as protein intake is adequate during muscle overload the adaptations in muscle growth and function will not be influenced by protein supplementation.

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impingement. Aspiration of the ACJ under ultrasound guidance provided modest relief in the patient's symptoms. Conclusions: Though surgical resection of the cyst, and in this case an acromial decompression surgery, may be curative; aspiration of the cyst via the ACJ may provide important diagnostic information and serve as a temporizing measure for patients hoping to avoid surgery or who are otherwise inappropriate candidates for surgery. Level of Evidence: Level V