In order to study the effect of food-microorganism (F/M) ratio on gas properties in batch biogas fermentation experiments with walnut peel, by batch fermentation under the condition of 30°C, with walnut peel as fermentation raw materials, and respectively choose F/M(vs/vs)=0.20, 0.15, the effect of food-microorganism (F/M) ratio on the gas properties was studied in biogas fermentation with walnut peel. The experimental results showed that in the fermentation with walnut peel as raw materials, the potential of TS and VS, the total volume and the time reaching to 80% gas production volume of the time of experimental group F/M(vs/vs)=0.20 were respectively 202ml/gTS, 226ml/gVS, 2840ml, 19d. However, the values of experimental group F/M(vs/vs)=0.15 were respectively 152ml/gTS, 170ml/gVS, 2140ml, 24d. Therefore, food-microorganism (F/M) ratio has a great influence on batch biogas fermentation with walnut peel as the fermentation raw material.

onic liquid is a green catalyzer and solvent which can be designed by changing the structure of its cation or anion. Ionic liquid has been used in diverse chemical reactions. Especially, Ionic liquids as environmentally friendly catalysts were applied in biodiesel production. Preparation of biodiesel catalyzed by ionic liquids have many merits, such as no corrosion to equipment, no pollution to environment, and reusability. In this paper, the advances in the base ionic liquids catalysts and their application in biodiesel production were reviewed. The characterization of the ionic liquids were summarized. In addition, the prospect for the application of the basic ionic liquids to catalyze biodiesel production was also stated. Since the cost of ionic liquid may be an issue, there are some challenges to be faced, such as the production of ionic liquids with low cost, easy recovery and with the possibility of reutilization of the catalyst for several cycles.

In order to obtain the optimal technological conditions of preparing biodiesel, artificial neural network was used to study the biodiesel processing model on transesterification method based on the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results of experiment indicated that we used the back propagation BP algorithm of artificial neural network to set the network prediction model based on the orthogonal test data can forecast the biodiesel conversion rate under different reaction conditions more accurately.The optimal conditions were obtained from this network model as follows: Molar ratio of methanol to oil was 6:1, the catalyst was 1.0% (w/w, based on oil), reaction temperature and reaction time was 65°Cand 2.5h respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the conversion rate of prediction was 94.93%, the conversion rate of experiment was 95.42% and the relative error was 0.51% compared with the predicted value. Therefore, the network k model could reflect inherent law of sample.

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