No abstract

Post operative pain is an unpleasant situation for both the dentist and the patient. The purpose of this review is to analyze the effect of certain factors like, gender, teeth type, single/multiple visits, and preobturation pain, on the incidence of post endodontic pain. Electronic database were searched in a systematic method according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta analysis guidelines, with specified inclusion criteria to identify randomized clinical trials and exclude case reports and expert case series. Thirty eight articles were identified and included in this review. It was found out that the variables that affect post endodontic pain can be classified into gender, type of teeth, relation with pre-obturation pain, single/multiple visits, medications, instrumentation and obturation techniques and vitality of teeth. The level of evidence ranged from I (1) to V (5) for each variable. The current review suggests that the factors that influenced the post endodontic pain were interrelated and directly interdependent. Within the limitations of this review like insufficient amount of level I, it is evident to support strongly, the influence of the different factors on post endodontic pain. There is a greater need for more number of randomized clinical trials to support the effects.

Aims:a) To evaluate the bond strength of eugenol- and non-eugenol-based endodontic sealers to gutta-percha and dentin and b) To make a comparative evaluation of the bond strength of sealers to gutta-percha and dentin.Material and Methods:Seventy-two specimens were used in this study, which was divided into two groups — group I consisting of 36 freshly extracted human molars with 2 mm coronal cut surface; and group II consisting of gutta-percha disks of 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness embedded in 36 plaster of Paris specimens. Group I was further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1, subgroup 2, and subgroup 3, consisting of 12 teeth each; and group II was further divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1, subgroup 2, and subgroup 3, consisting of 12 plaster specimens each. Each subgroup consisted of two materials each, which were placed in 5 mm long sections of polyethylene tubing and were then placed on coronal 2 mm cut surface of human molars; likewise subgroup 1, subgroup 2, and subgroup 3 of group II consisted of two materials each, which were also placed in 5 mm long sections of polyethylene tubing and then placed on gutta-percha disks 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, which were embedded in the plaster specimens. After the materials were set, the specimens were subjected to test for shearing bond strength using a universal testing machine (Instron).Statistical Analysis:Mann-Whitney U test.Results:Group I, i.e., zinc oxide eugenol sealers, showed more bond to gutta-percha than to dentin, in which subgroup 2b, endomethasone, showed the maximum bond. Group II, i.e., non-zinc oxide eugenol sealers, showed more bond to dentin than to gutta-percha, where the maximum bond was shown by subgroup 3b, EndoRez.Conclusion:Under the circumstances of this in vitro study, all the six endodontic sealers had significant differences in terms of shear bond strength to gutta-percha and dentin.

Dentistry is a profession that generally produces muscular pain and soreness, they are usually harmless and slow to appear; consequently, the symptoms are usually ignored until they become chronic and permanent lesions are present. When practicing, dentists sometimes are forced to adopt unhealthy postures which depend mainly on factors related to the working conditions. Also, they are exposed to biomechanical risk factors, which indicates that work forced postures, would imply more risk of soreness and presence of skeletal-muscle lesions. These problems could begin to appear at the beginning of the students learning period, by acquiring inadequate postures and working habits that will accompany them for the rest of their professional life, acquiring an unhealthy lifestyle in their work environment. This can ultimately lead to musculoskeletal disorder (MSD). To protect their own health, dentists should seek out and receive education about musculoskeletal health, and injury prevention during work, by relaxation techniques, breathing and stretching exercises, etc. Very little attention is given on impact of dental work on the development of nerve and muscle pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this review was to critically analyze the literature on the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and possible aetiology of this problem in dental professionals, and the various postural strategies and stretching and strengthening techniques during breaks to ensure long term comfort, efficiency and ease in dental practice.

No abstract