It was possible to determine a predictive equation and confirm a high degree of reliability of IOS parameters in Japanese adult subjects.

Imaging features of LPP on CT include bilateral and unilateral single and multifocal consolidation and ground opacity. Sharply demarcated peribronchovascular foci of consolidation intermingled with ground glass opacity seem to be one of the most frequent CT appearances of LPP.

RESULTSEleven patients (22%) were positive for CgA; there was a significant difference in the time to recurrence ( P = 0.025) but no significant differences in cause-specific survival rate or survival rate after recurrence. In all, 21 patients (42%) were positive for HER-2; the cause-specific survival rate, time to recurrence and survival rate after recurrence were all significantly more favourable in the HER-2-negative group ( P = 0.008, 0.049 and 0.025, respectively). In the 49 patients for whom both factors could be determined, there was no significant correlation between CgA and HER-2 positivity. CONCLUSIONSNE cell differentiation of the primary tumour in patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer does not reflect the prognosis, whereas HER-2 overexpression is a prognostic factor for an unfavourable outcome. These results suggest that NE cell differentiation is not induced by HER-2.

No abstract

RESULTS• Pathological diagnoses were renal cell carcinoma in 30 patients.• The TTP of the cancer was shorter than that of the normal parenchyma in all cases (6.0 ± 2.0 vs 10.4 ± 3.0 s; P < 0.0001).• The Δ I did not differ between the cancer and normal parenchyma [21.3 ± 5.9 vs 20.9 ± 7.0 decibels (db); P = 0.68]; the Δ I/TTP of the cancer was significantly higher than that of the normal parenchyma (3.9 ± 1.4 vs 2.2 ± 0.94 db/s; P < 0.0001).• TIC patterns of solid cancer and cystic cancer were very similar. CONCLUSIONS• An objective and quantitative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma by CEUS using a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent can be made by employing a TIC.• The TIC patterns of solid and cystic cancers were very similar, despite their morphological and vascular differences.• CEUS using TIC is a promising tool in the diagnosis of cystic renal cancer. KEYWORDScontrast-enhanced ultrasound, secondgeneration ultrasound contrast agent, timeintensity curve, renal cell carcinoma Study Type -Diagnosis (non-consecutive series) Level of Evidence 3bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add? In terms of imaging differentiation, distinguishing complex cystic renal masses that require surgery from those that do not remains a common and difficult diagnostic problem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for characterizing complex cystic renal masses. But there are some cases that are difficult to diagnose differentially on computed tomography (CT) or MRI.We evaluated the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cystic renal cell carcinoma by using a time-intensity curve (TIC). Assessments of blood flow in the solid component of a cystic tumour by CEUS using a second-generation US contrast agent and TIC analysis have made it easier to objectively diagnose cystic renal cancer. OBJECTIVE