Wireless sensor network technology holds great promise for application in a wide range of areas, both to monitor and control a variety of systems. Whilst the use of sensors has found natural applications within the manufacturing sector, application in agriculture is still in its infancy and has been used largely to only monitor the environment. The use of technology in the agricultural sector to improve crop yield, quality and to foster sustainable agriculture can be regarded as one of the areas that will provide food security to the expanding global population and to mitigate food shortage precipitated by unpredictable weather patterns. This paper presents a Wireless Sensor Network coverage measurements in a mixed crop farming, modeling and deployment architecture taking into account the different signal propagation scenarios and attenuation factor of different crops. Most importantly, the paper presents wireless sensor network deployment architecture for a mixed crop trial field over an area of 54,432m 2 , which is 4% of the total area to be covered by the final network.

Facial expressions analysis is a vital part of the research in human-

Modern Critical infrastructures have command and control systems. These command and control systems are commonly called supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). In the past, SCADA system has a closed operational environment, so these systems were designed without security functionality. Nowadays, as a demand for connecting the SCADA system to the open network growths, the study of SCADA system security is an issue. A keymanagement scheme is critical for securing SCADA communications. Numerous key-management structures for SCADA also have been suggested. 11770-2 Mechanism 9 Key establishment Protocol has been used in SCADA communication however a security proof for the 11770-2 Mechanism 9 protocol is needed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview about SCADA system, and its related security issues. Furthermore, we try to investigate the importance of key management protocol and the need of formal security poof.

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