BACKGROUND: Inherited ABO blood group has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various gynecological cancers including endometrial carcinoma (EC). OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of ABO blood groups in Iranian patients with EC and to investigate the relationship between the blood group and several clinicopathologic parameters in Imam Hossein Hospital. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-five EC patients were selected and analyzed for their clinicopathologic details including ABO blood group, age, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), tumor grade, and stage of the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO). RESULTS: Endometrioid carcinoma was the most common histological type in this case study. Early stages (I and II) were present in 135 individuals (77.1%) and advanced stages (III and IV) appeared in 40 (22.9%) patients. Blood group A was prominent in patients with EC. There was a significant relationship between blood group A and cancer grade (P= 0.024). 23.1% of group A had grade III EC, while this grade appeared in 35.2% of the non-A blood group. There was no significant association between ABO blood groups and other EC clinic-pathological results (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although there was no significant relationship between the ABO blood group and the patients’ clinicopathological characteristics, more studies could provide extensive information about any possible relation between the blood group, especially blood group A, EC, and the grade of the tumor.

Background and Objectives: Hypertensive disorders are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality, which occur in 5% of pregnancies. One of the causes of preeclampsia, is inappropriate regulation of activator of placental Cyp27B1 enzyme, which is induced by vitamin D deficiency. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the level of vitamin D with risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This case-control study, was performed on 140 pregnant women referred to Alzahra hospital of the Qom University, 70 patients with severe preeclampsia were included in the case group and 70 healthy pregnant women in terms of preeclampsia, were assigned to the control group. Blood samples were assessed in terms of vitamin D using immunoassay method from 2016 to 2017. Data analysis was performed by t test and Chi square test. Results: In this study, according to the results of t test, the mean serum level of vitamin D in preeclampsia group was 13.77±8.53ng/ml and in the control group, was 16.73±6.82ng/ml, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, the results showed that mothers with preeclampsia are at risk of vitamin D deficiency; therefore, adequate administration of vitamin D can be effective in the prevention of preeclampsia.

Objectives: Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy in the female genital tract, especially in postmenopausal women. The current study aimed to analyze Papanicolaou (Pap) smear in patients with EC to assess the relationship between EC and abnormal cells in Pap smear, ABO blood group, and hemoglobin anemia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 175 patients with EC in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during the period from 2013 to 2019. The histology information of cases was extracted from the hospital database, and Pap smear slides were taken from pathological archives. The acquired information and slides were then reviewed by an expert pathologist in the hospital. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 18) by the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and independent-samples t -test. P < 0.05 was assigned as significant. Results: The mean age of patients was 54.47 ± 11.34, ranging from 32 to 85 years, and 31.4% of the patients were premenopausal women. Grade III, invasion ≥ 50% of myometrial, and advanced stage (III and IV) were diagnosed in 30%, 7.4%, and 22.86% of the patients, respectively. The most common histological types of EC were endometrioid (66.9%), papillary (10.3%), and malignant mixed Mullerian tumor (5.7%). The abnormal Pap smear was achieved only in 37 EC patients (21.1%). Endometrial cells, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and atypical glandular cells were observed in 56.8%, 29.7%, and 13.5% of the patients > 40 years of age with abnormal Pap smears, respectively. In patients with normal Pap smears, the most common results were inflammation in 75.1% and atrophy in 14.6% of the patients. Abnormal uterine bleeding was the most important problem observed in patients with EC. Conclusion: The efficacy of Pap smear in detecting EC is limited. Therefore, women with EC, >40 years of age, with heavy bleeding, anemia, O blood group, inflammation, and atrophy in Pap smear in the past 3 years need to be precisely checked up for EC. These items can be added as new criteria for EC screening procedures.

Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) of reproductive age are becoming pregnant at an alarmingly high rate. Disease control is required during the preconception, prenatal, and postpartum periods to reduce the likelihood of relapses of MS while minimizing hazards to the mother and fetus. It has long been understood that the disease activity of MS noticeably decreases in the third trimester of pregnancy, then noticeably increases in the first three months after delivery before returning to its pre-pregnancy baseline. Relapse during pregnancy and high rates of relapse before becoming pregnant have both been linked to an increased risk of postpartum attacks. In patients with relapse MS, recent results continue to support the notion that pregnancy does not affect long-term disease progression (and may even have the opposite effect); the situation is less clear for patients with progressive MS. It is comforting to know that none of the MS disease-modifying medications have been shown to cause teratogenic consequences. This review discusses the effects of pregnancy on disease activity and how to handle relapses when pregnant and breastfeeding.