Overweight is a serious health problem among primary school children which is a risk factor for several health consequences. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors associated with overweight among primary school children. Design: Descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Setting: The study was conducted at 64 urban primary schools of educational directorate of Shubra Al-Kheima city. Sample: A purposive sample of 240 overweight primary school children was selected. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, first tool structured interviewing questionnaire divided into five parts, socio-demographic characteristics of children, children health problems related overweight, student nutritional health history, children knowledge regarding overweight, and lifestyle factors associated with overweight among primary school children, second tool was school student files. Results: 60.8% of studied students had family history for overweight, 85.4% of studied students had unsatisfactory knowledge and 93.3% of studied students had unhealthy lifestyle associated with overweight. Conclusion: Our study showed that 12.5% of studied students weren't health problems related to overweight, 73.3% of studied students were bad dietary habits, and 93.3% of studied students had unhealthy lifestyle, not statistically significance relation between knowledge about overweight and dietary habits, highly statistical significance relation between dietary habits and overweight among primary school children. Recommendation: Health education program to raise awareness of children toward health hazards and its consequences of overweight.

Background:The diseases that vaccines prevent can be dangerous, or even deadly, especially in infants and young children. Aim: assess the Effect of Nursing Performance on Quality of Care for Infant / Children Vaccination. Design: descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was carried out in all family medical centers at Giza city. Subject: A purposive sample was used to choose nurses and mothers that equal 135 for everyone. Tools: Interviewing questionnaire divided to two parts as Socio-demographic characteristic, and nurses' knowledge. The second tool: Observational checklist to assess nurses performance and the third tool that divided to two parts; Mothers' satisfaction, and Mothers perception regarding nurses' quality of care Results: This study showed that 52.6% of nurses had poor total level of Knowledge, 91.9% of nurses their total level of Performance was ranged between poor and average and 48,9% of mothers had agree satisfaction about children vaccination. Conclusion: Statistically, significant positive correlations were detected between nurses performance, mothers satisfaction, and mothers perception regarding quality of care about children vaccination. Recommendation: Developing an educational program that would help nurses to improve knowledge and performance about vaccination.

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Background: Child labor is the engagement of children in prohibited work and activities. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess health hazards among children labor in car repair workshops in rural community. Design: A descriptive design was used to conduct this study. Setting: This study was conducted at 86 car repair workshops in Beni-Suef city. Sample: A convenient sample of 208 children labor in the previously mentioned setting within consecutive six months. Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, first tool structured interviewing questionnaire divided into four parts, socio-demographic data of children and their family, health needs and problems of children labor in car repair workshops, knowledge of children regarding health hazards, and personal protective equipment and the exposure to health hazards among children labor in car repair workshops, second tool observational checklist to assess using of safety measures and environmental hazards in car repair workshops. Results: The mean age of children was 9.3 ±4.1 years, more than four fifth of children had unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding health hazards and safety measures, most of them had poor practices during work, physical hazards represent nearly one third and nearly most of the studied workshops had inadequate environmental safety and sanitation. Conclusion: physical and chemical hazards were seen to be the most common health hazards of labor in car repair workshops among the studied children. Physical and psychological sides were seen to be the most common health needs and problems among the studied children. Also, there was a highly statistically significant correlation between occurrence of health hazards and environment of car repair workshops. Recommendations: Health education program to raise awareness of children toward health hazards in car repair workshops in rural community.

Background: Female circumcision is any procedure involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess mother's perception toward hazards of female circumcision in rural community. Design: descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. Setting: the study was conducted at MCH centers in Beni-suef city. Sample: A purposive sample of three hundred mother having female daughters at the age of 7 to 15 years who have done circumcision or not was selected. Tools: two tools were used for data collection, first tools divided into three parts, structured interviewing questionnaire to assess socio-demographic data of mothers, knowledge of mothers regarding female circumcision and its hazards, part three to assess predisposing factors leading to female circumcision, and the reported practices of mothers regarding hazards after circumcision, second tool to assess attitude of mothers toward hazards of female circumcision in rural community. Results: the mean age of mothers was 34.3 ±4.1 years, nearly half of mothers had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding female circumcision, more than two fifths of them done practices regarding hazards after circumcision and nearly three fifth of them had positive attitude regarding female circumcision. Conclusion: there is significance relationship between studied mothers knowledge, practice and attitude with their sociodemographic characteristics and there is significance correlation between knowledge of the studied mothers and their attitude regarding female circumcision. Recommendation: Increase mothers awareness about female circumcision through outpatient clinics and MCH centers.