No abstract

The oxidation behavior of a silicon wafer, chemically vapor‐deposited SiC, and single‐crystal SiC was investigated in an oxygen—2%–7% ozone gas mixture at 973 K. The thickness of the oxide film that formed during oxidation was measured by ellipsometry. The oxidation rates in the ozone‐containing atmosphere were much higher than those in a pure oxygen atmosphere. The parabolic oxidation kinetics were observed for both silicon and SiC. The parabolic rate constants varied linearly with the ozone‐gas partial pressure. Inward diffusion of atomic oxygen formed by the dissociation of ozone gas through the SiO2 film apparently was the rate‐controlling process.

Background: Subventricular microglia (SVMs) are positioned at the interface of the cerebrospinal fluid and brain parenchyma and may play a role in periventricular inflammatory reactions. However, SVMs have not been previously investigated in detail due to the lack of a specific methodology for their study exclusive of deeper parenchymal microglia.

In the scrap-melting operation of shaft furnaces, an operation technology with use of 100% small size blast furnace coke for solid fuel instead of typically utilizing foundry coke has been established. An operation technology with use of 100% steel scrap without using return scrap containing 3-4 % carbon for ferrous raw material, and 70% or more of steel scrap consists of shredder scrap, has been established as well. This technology was fi rst developed with one-stage tuyere operations using only lower tuyeres. Next two-stage tuyere operations using lower and upper tuyeres has been developed to explore more effi cient operation. In the two-stage tuyere operation, the number of pipes, the diameter, and the protruding length of the upper tuyeres were examined as parameters, an operation technology with high effi ciency was established, which enabled us to achieve high productivity and low coke ratio.