The recurrence rate after thoracoscopic bullectomy with fleece-coated fibrin glue was significantly lowered and we consider this procedure to be the treatment of choice for the management of spontaneous pneumothorax.

Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) is now commonly treated with thoracoscopic surgery, which is associated with less pain and a shorter hospital stay than thoracotomy; however, in its initial stages, thoracoscopic stapled bullectomy resulted in an unexpectedly high incidence of postoperative SP recurrence. Thus, new thoracoscopic procedures, designed to be performed in addition to stapled bullectomy, were developed, which resulted in a gradual decline in the postoperative recurrence rate. We review the recent literature on SP recurrence after thoracoscopic surgery with these other surgical procedures. Pleurectomy and pleural abrasion have been performed for a long time with low recurrence rates; however, they cause the lung to adhere to the parietal pleura, often resulting in complications such as postoperative bleeding. Other surgical procedures that may be recommended to minimize the risk of recurrence are reinforcement of the staple lines using fleece-coated glue or an absorbable sheet. These procedures are now considered to be the thoracoscopic treatment of choice for SP.

Thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal bronchogenic cyst is minimally invasive and has no serious postoperative complications, and should therefore be considered as the primary therapeutic option.

In thoracoscopic stapler blebectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax, the most common cause of recurrence was new bulla formation. It is necessary to establish additional procedures involving either the visceral pleura or the parietal pleura to reduce the recurrence rate.

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