A new method for selective crystallization of the metastable phase (form II) of acetaminophen is described. To obtain form II, we prepared a highly supersaturated solution (σI = 3.7) and then applied ultrasonic irradiation at different frequencies. Without ultrasonic irradiation, spontaneous crystallization did not occur within one month in the highly supersaturated condition (σI = 3.7). When ultrasonic irradiation at 28 kHz was applied, form II preferentially crystallized. Therefore, we conclude that ultrasonic irradiation can be an effective technique for selectively crystallizing the metastable phase.

We describe a new method for the selective crystallization of the metastable phase (α-form) of indomethacin. To obtain the α-form, we prepared a highly supersaturated solution and then introduced forcible nucleation techniques, namely, laser irradiation and magnetic stirring. When the laser irradiated near the side wall, the α-form crystallized within 24 h. The α-form crystals showed temporal stability for at least 8 months in air ambient at room temperature. We conclude that control of the laser irradiation focal point is an effective way of selectively crystallizing the metastable phase of indomethacin with temporal stability.

The single-crystal structure of anagliptin,-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide, was determined. Two independent molecules were held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the absolute configuration of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine ring delivered from L-prolinamide was confirmed to be S. The interactions of anagliptin with DPP-4 were clarified by the co-crystal structure solved at 2.85 Å resolution. Based on the structure determined by X-ray crystallography, the potency and selectivity of anagliptin were discussed, and an SAR study using anagliptin derivatives was performed.

A chiral Brønsted acid containing two different acidic sites, chiral carboxylic acid-monophosphoric acid 1a, was designed to be a new and effective concept in catalytic asymmetric hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of azopyridinecarboxylate with amidodienes. The multipoint hydrogen-bonding interactions among the carboxylic acid, monophosphoric acid, azopyridinecarboxylate, and amidodiene achieved high catalytic and chiral efficiency, producing substituted 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazines with excellent stereocontrol in a single step. This constitutes the first example of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective azo-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions by chiral Brønsted acid catalysis.

We report a new method of obtaining the metastable phase form II crystals of acetaminophen. Solution-mediated phase transformation (SMPT) from trihydrate into form II is utilized to obtain form II crystals. SMPT is triggered by seeding form II crystals into a saturated solution including trihydrate crystals, which are less stable than form II crystals. Form II seed crystals gradually grew at the expense of the dissolving trihydrate crystals, and finally, all the trihydrate crystals in solution were transformed into form II crystals in about 4 h. Thus, we conclude that SMPT is effective for the production of form II crystals.