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In Southeast Asia, resource competition causes conflicts between small-scale and industrial fishers. This article focuses on interactions between small-scale and industrial fishers and the power dynamics that are expressed through their behaviors. Taking a Philippine fishing village as a case, this article shows that even under conditions of severe resource competition and in a context of antagonistic relationships, small-scale fishers may choose, as a survival strategy, to collaborate with illegal industrial fishers. It demonstrates that accounting for power differentiations and dynamics among actors is key to understanding this seemingly contradictory collaboration, one that will likely result, over the long run, in negative consequences for the sustainability of small-scale fishers' livelihoods. In order to effectively control industrial fishers and mitigate conflict with small-scale fishers, better understanding of social-economic and sociopolitical relations is required.Fisheries in Southeast Asia feature severe resource competition over less exploited frontier areas among industrial fisheries, and this underwrites conflicts with smallscale fishers all over the region (Butcher 2004). Controlling the fishing activities of these sectors to reduce competition over often already depleted resources is one of the major challenges for the region's fisheries managers and conservationists (Siar 2003;Eder 2005;Stobutzki, Silvestre, and Garces 2006). In general, industrial fisheries harvest high quantities of marine resources by employing larger vessels with technologically more advanced devices and gear, while small-scale fisheries harvest lower quantities with simpler boats and gear. With a clear difference in fishing capacity, this poses great concern among small-scale fishers for the present and