In this study, a new method is put forward for the stability and stabilisation analysis of the event-triggered load frequency control (LFC) with interval time-varying delays, considering the global sliding mode controller. To lighten the network bandwidth and save more limited networked resources, the event-triggered scheme is optimised through quantum genetic algorithm, according to different circumstances. Additionally, global sliding mode control (GSMC) scheme is proposed to provide stronger robustness performance, which against the frequency deviation caused by power unbalance or transmission time delays better. Based on the proposed schemes, multi-area LFC for the power system model is formulated as a Markov jump linear system model, considering transmission time delays and external disturbances. By applying improved Lyapunov stability theory, criteria about the stability and stabilisation conditions for multi-area power system can be deduced in terms of linear matrix inequality. Finally, to validate a more realistic LFC application, the proposed event-triggered GSMC is also deployed on Kundur's two-area test system. Simulation studies are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed schemes.

Dynamic simulation of integrated AC and DC grids is paramount to address real-time operation challenges in energy control centers, such as available transfer capacities, relieving grid congestion, and taking effective control actions for improving the integrated grid system stability and reliability. This paper proposes a faster-than-real-time (FTRT) dynamic simulation of integrated AC/DC grids on the reconfigurable parallel hardware architecture of the field programmable gate array (FPGA). A fine-grained relaxation algorithm (FGRA) is proposed for a more efficient solution of the nonlinear differential algebraic equations of the integrated system model, including the detailed nonlinear models of the synchronous generators in the AC system which can be solved in parallel without matrix on the FPGA. The system solution is massively parallelized and pipelined in hardware to realize the lowest latencies and minimum utilization of hardware resource. Two case studies are used to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm and demonstrated a closed-loop prediction scenario for improving grid stability. Computational acceleration of up to 134 times faster than real-time are reported for the two case studies, and the accuracy of the dynamic interaction is validated using the off-line transient stability simulation tool TSAT of the DSATools package.

No abstract

Transmission line capacity enhancement by series compensation is commonly used in power systems, which consequently faces potential subsynchronous interaction (SSI). In this work, faster-than-real-time (FTRT) simulation based on the fieldprogrammable gate arrays is proposed to mitigate the disastrous SSI in a hybrid AC/DC grid integrated with wind farms. Dynamic simulation is applied to the AC system to gain a high speedup over real-time, and a detailed multi-mass model is specifically introduced to the synchronous generator to show the electricalmechanical interaction. Meanwhile, the DC grid undergoes electromagnetic transient simulation to reflect the impact of power converters' control on the overall grid, and consequently, the EMTdynamic co-simulation running concurrently due to FPGA's hardware parallelism is formed. As the two simulations are inherently distinct, a power-voltage interface is adopted to separate them which enables their coexistence in one program. It shows that following the detection of a contingency, the FTRT hardware platform can generate an optimum solution with precisely quantified power flow changes in advance to keep the hybrid AC/DC grid stable. The FTRT efficacy is proven by a number of cases where the accuracy is validated by offline simulation tool Matlab/Simulink.

No abstract