BackgroundShelf acetabuloplasty has been applied to secondary osteoarthritis of the hip due to congenital dislocation or acetabular dysplasia; however, there are few reports on the long-term outcomes of this operation. Here, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of our shelf acetabuloplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip in adults.MethodsOutcomes for 28 hips (7 with pre-arthrosis, 21 with initial stage of arthrosis) were retrospectively reviewed clinically and radiologically at a minimum of 20 years after operation. Mean age of the patients at operation was 34 years (range 17–54 years), and the mean follow-up period was 25 years (range 20–32 years).ResultsMean Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score improved from 76 points preoperatively to 82 points, and mean pain score improved from 24 points preoperatively to 33 points at 20 years. Mean Sharp angle improved from 51° preoperatively to 37° immediately after the operation. Similarly, the mean center-edge angle improved from −4° to 38°, and the mean acetabulum head index improved from 52 to 99%. More than 50% of the hips showed no change in joint space width at 20 years. Survival rates were 100% at 10 years, 93% at 20 years and 71% at 32 years, with conversion to total hip replacement as the endpoint.ConclusionLong-term outcomes of our shelf acetabuloplasty were comparable to other reports, and the clinical outcomes and survivorship revealed positive long-term effects of our procedure over approximately 20 years.

BackgroundOrganic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp) transporters at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-retinal barrier (BRB), which consists of retinal capillary endothelial cells and retinal pigment epithelial cells, are major determinants of the control of anionic drugs into the brain and retina. Although Oatp1a4 (Slco1a4) and Oatp1c1 (Slco1c1) are known to be expressed in the abluminal and luminal membrane of the rat BBB and Oatp1a4 is known to be expressed at the BRB, the expression and localization of Oatp1c1 at the BRB and subcellular localization of Oatp1a4 at the BRB have received little attention. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to determine the cellular and subcellular localization of Oatp1a4 and 1c1 at the BRB.MethodsWe used guinea pig polyclonal antibodies to Oatp1a4 and 1c1 for immunoblot and immunohistochemical analysis to determine their cellular and subcellular distributions in the rat retina. We compared these distributions with those of the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1/Slc2a1). Whole brain, brain capillary fractions and kidney were used as control.ResultsOatp1a4 and 1c1 immunoreactivities were detected in the rat retinal capillaries and co-localized with GLUT1, suggesting that both proteins are located on the abluminal and luminal membrane of the retinal capillary endothelial cells. Oatp1a4 and 1c1 immunoreactivities were preferentially detected on the apical and basolateral membrane of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells, respectively, suggesting that Oatp1a4 and 1c1 are localized on the apical membrane and the basolateral membrane of the retinal pigment epithelial cells, respectively.ConclusionOatp1a4 and 1c1 are present at the BRB and contribute to the transcellular transport of amphipathic organic anions across the BRB.

BackgroundTechniques of cemented total hip arthroplasty have developed over time. We present the outcomes of Charnley total hip arthroplasty performed using improved second- and third-generation cementing techniques.MethodsWe reviewed the radiologic results of 91 Charnley total hip arthroplasties performed using second- and third-generation cementing techniques. Second-generation techniques involved making multiple anchor holes, a double-cementing method on the acetabular side and an intramedullary plug, and retrograde filling with a cement gun on the femoral side in 57 hips. Third-generation techniques involved additional vacuum mixing and cement pressurization in 34 hips.ResultsJoint survival rates at 20 years when using second-generation techniques were 89% for the socket and 94% for the stem with aseptic loosening as the end point; the survival rates at 10 years when using third-generation techniques were 97 and 100%, respectively. According to our radiographic evaluation system for the clear zone at 5 years, there was less clear zone in the acetabular side with the third-generation techniques than with second-generation techniques. In the femoral side, there was very little development of the clear zone, but the difference between generations was not significant.ConclusionsSecond- and third-generation cementing techniques showed excellent survivorship. The clear zone scores at 5 years indicated that third-generation techniques were effective, especially in the acetabular side, and may produce better long-term results than second-generation techniques.