Background. Recurrence in Stage I non‐small cell lung cancer was examined with respect to vascular invasion and the immunohistochemical expression of sialyldimeric Lewisx (SLX) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Methods. One hundred twenty‐eight patients with Stage I non‐small cell lung cancer who had a curative resection were the subjects of this study. Using tumor tissues fixed in formaldehyde solution, blood vessel invasion (BVI) and lymphatic invasion stained with Victoria blue‐hematoxylin and eosin and the immunohistochemical expression of SLX and PCNA were retrospectively studied with respect to postoperative recurrence. Results. By univariate analysis, BVI and SLX and PCNA expression were significantly important factors of disease‐free survival (P <0.01). The disease‐free survival of the patients with both BVI and SLX expression was significantly shorter than that of the patients with BVI but negative SLX expression (P <0.02). In 35 patients with recurrence, tumors with PCNA expression showed a significantly shorter time to recurrence compared with tumors without PCNA expression (P <0.01). Conclusions. BVI and SLX expression may be important determinants of recurrence. PCNA may be a determinant of time to recurrence.

BACKGROUND. Biosynthesis (sLe x ), may be essential for binding to the E-selectin receptor.

Increased glucose transport is a common characteristic of most tumors. To examine the role of elevated glucose uptake in lung cancer, we performed PCR amplification of 2 facilitative glucose transporter genes (GLUT1 and GLUT3) and immunohistochemical staining for GLUT1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and sialyl Lewis 3 (sLe x ) on tumor specimens from 327 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgical resection from 1980 to 1993. To evaluate the relationship between GLUT, a-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST), and a-1,3-fucosyltransferase (Fuc-T) genes, PCR amplification of the ST3N and Fuc-TVII also was performed. Amplification of GLUT1 was significantly greater than that of GLUT3. GLUT1 and GLUT3 amplification correlated with PCNA staining (p F 0.01). In addition, GLUT1 amplification correlated with the grading of sLe x staining as well as with the grading of GLUT1 staining (p F .03, p F 0.01). GLUT1 was co-amplified with ST3N and Fuc-TVII genes, which are involved in the synthesis of sLe x (p F 0.01). The survival of patients whose tumors showed GLUT1 amplification was significantly shorter than that of patients whose tumors did not (p F 0.01). In a multivariate analysis of survival, GLUT1 remained a statistically significant prognostic factor. Our results suggest that GLUT1 amplification may participate in sLe x synthesis as well as in proliferation, and may be of prognostic value in lung cancer. Int.

Avoidance of risk factors appears to improve survival and might help stratify high- or low-risk patients. Although less symptomatic patients with preserved contractility had better results after PLV, change of indication requires prospective randomized comparison with medical therapies or other approaches.

The GHG-FGF4 complex promoted angiogenesis and blood flow regulation of the newly developed vessels possibly by extending gene degradation and improving transfection efficiency without the biohazard associated with viral vectors.