Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the dining experience including food quality, service quality, convenience and ambiance on overall satisfaction and customers’ intention to revisit in quick service restaurants (QSRs). In addition, the mediating effects of overall satisfaction between dining experience dimensions and customer intention to revisit have been investigated in this study. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected online from 278 participants in the USA and analyzed using partial least square structure equation modeling (SmartPLS). Findings Food quality, service quality and convenience are strong predictors of both overall satisfaction and intention to revisit and recommend QSRs. However, ambiance did not directly influence the customer overall satisfaction in a QSR setting, Also, overall satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between the dining experience attributes and future intention to revisit and recommend QSRs. Research limitations/implications This study makes a significant contribution to the QSRs literature by examining the effects of dining experience on satisfaction and intention to revisit, as well as the meditation role of satisfaction. Moreover, this study has several practical implications for QSRs practitioners and foodservice marketers. Self-selection to take the online questionnaire is considered one of this study’s limitations. Practical implications Restaurant managers, especially in the QSR segment, could benefit from the outcome of this study by utilizing their limited resources on improving their customers’ satisfaction and restaurants profitability. Social implications By understanding which attributes of the dining experience value most during their visit to QSRs, this study aims to provide some insight on how to improve QSR customers overall satisfaction and future intention. Originality/value This study is unique as it applies attributes from fine dining and casual dining attributed to QSRs in the USA. In addition, this study is the first on QSRs to use SmartPLS as statistical tool for analyzing the collected data and simultaneously accounting the relationships between the constructs introduced in this study.

Problem statement:The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of two key factors (intrinsic reward and leadership style) of knowledge sharing behavior among academician in Iran. Approach: Primary data are collected via a questionnaire, which was adapted from previous literature. Data, which were collected from lecturers in the 10 of the best university from Tehran, Shiraz, Mashahd and Esfehan. Results: The results showed that an R² value of 0.191 indicating about 19. % of the variation in behavior to share can be explained by Leadership style and Reward system. The model is significant (F = 8.796, p< 0.01). Leadership style mentor was positively related to knowledge sharing behavior (β = 0.326, p< 0.01) and leadership style facilitator was not related to knowledge sharing behavior and so was Intrinsic Reward (β = 0.283, p< 0.01). The results of the study show that reward system, leadership style (mentor) are the two key factors which influencing the knowledge sharing behavior in the university. Discussion: This study is limited to Iranian academician. Hence, impact of culture should be considered in future studies. It is advised that future research should be designed for different countries in order to conduct a comparative study. Conclusion: These results provide some information that is useful to policy makers in developing countries in general, and particularly in Iran context by setting appropriate policies and strategies for promoting the knowledge sharing based on two key factors as leadership style and reward system.

Purpose This study aims to examine the individual and contextual predictors of managerial attitudes toward employees with chronic depression (EwCD) in the hospitality and tourism field, the relationship between managerial attitudes toward EwCD and levels of organizational citizenship behavior, and the mediating role of personality in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Empirical data were collected through an online survey of 305 managers working in the hospitality and tourism industry in the USA. SmartPLS 3 software was used to conduct a partial least squares-structural equation modeling analysis. Findings Organizational and individual characteristics of managers, such as pressure to be productive in the workplace, previous experience with depression, levels of anxiety and personality characteristics, are strong predictors of attitudes toward employees with depression. Personality mediates the effect of managers’ attitudes toward organizational citizenship behavior. Practical implications The study provided support that managers who have experienced depression are more understanding of the needs of EwCD and, consequently, can reduce related stigma in the workplace. Likewise, open and agreeable managers who do not feel the constant pressure to showcase high performance and who score low on anxiety and high on organizational citizenship behavior can create a safe working environment free from prejudice and discrimination toward EwCD. Originality/value Examining depression in the hospitality and tourism industry becomes even more critical as mental health issues are increasing in the workplace. This research contributes to the hospitality and tourism literature, which seldom investigates managerial perspectives of mental illness and sheds light on the desirable managerial personality traits necessary for creating an inclusive workplace.

Wells, AJ, Varanoske, AN, Coker, NA, Kozlowski, GJ, Frosti, CL, Boffey, D, Harat, I, Jahani, S, Gepner, Y, and Hoffman, JR. Effect of β-alanine supplementation on monocyte recruitment and cognition during a 24-hour simulated military operation. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3042–3054, 2020—Sustained military operations (SUSOPs) result in psychological stress and cognitive dysfunction, which may be related to the recruitment of classical monocytes into the brain. This study examined the effect of beta-alanine (BA) on cognition and monocyte recruitment during a simulated 24-hour SUSOP. Nineteen healthy men ingested 12-g/d BA or placebo for 14 days before an SUSOP. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), C-C chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2), and macrophage-1-antigen (CD11b) expression were assessed through multiplex assay and flow cytometry. Psychological stress and cognition were assessed through Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM). A composite measure of cognition (COGcomp) was generated from throughput scores extracted from 7 ANAM cognitive tests. Assessments occurred at baseline (0H), 12 hours (12H), 18 hours (18H), and 24 hours (24H). Significance was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. No significant effect of BA was noted for any variable (p's > 0.05). The frequency and severity of symptoms of psychological stress increased significantly at 18 and 24H compared with 0 and 12H (p's < 0.05). COGcomp decreased significantly at 18 and 24H compared with 0 and 12H (p's ≤ 0.001). MCP-1 peaked at 18H was significantly lower at 24H compared with 18H but remained elevated at 24H compared with 0H (p's < 0.001). CCR2 expression was significantly lower at 12 (p = 0.031), 18, and 24H (p's < 0.001). CD11b expression was significantly higher at 12H (p = 0.039) and 24H (p's = 0.003). MCP-1 was negatively associated with COGcomp (β = −0.395, p = 0.002, r2 = 0.174). Neither CCR2 or CD11b was related to COGcomp (p's > 0.05). Cognitive dysfunction during SUSOPs is related to serum concentrations of MCP-1 but is not influenced by BA supplementation.

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