Abstract:The histopathological changes and nephroprotective effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Ficus racemesa (ARF) in Albino wistar rats were studied. Rats were divided into four groups. Vehicle was administered to the group I (control). Nephrotoxicity was induced in the rats of group II by administering gentamicin (80mg/kg, i.p.) for 8 days. The ARF (200 and 400mg/k.g.p.o) was administered to the rats of group II and IV for 11 days together with gentamicin (8days). Kidney function was assessed by measuring urine urea and creatinine and serum urea and creatinine. Kidney superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxidation, catalase and reduced glutathione were also measured in control and treated groups. Histopathological examinations were conducted to confirm the nephroprotective effect. The sign of nephrotoxicity in rats was significantly alleviated by ARF. The results of histopathological examinations also confirm the nephroprotective effect of ARF.

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Radon activity concentration in soil gas has been studied in and around Bharathinagara, Mandya district (12° 13|| N and 77° 20|| E) using Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors with Twin cup dosimeter. The activity concentration of 222Rn in soil gas was studied at two depths. Radon in soil gas was found to increase with depth and decrease with increase in moisture content of the soil. Radon in soil gas was found to be higher in winter season which varies from 0.22 ± 0.01 to 1.31 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.56 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 1 m depth and lower radon soil gas was found to be 0.16 ± 0.01 to 0.60 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 with a Geometric mean value of 0.30 ± 0.01 kBq/m3 in 0.5 m depth during summer season. The activity concentrations of radon soil gas from in and around Bharathinagara are lower compared to those in other parts of the world.

Indoor and outdoor gamma-ray dose rates have been measured in and around Mandya district (12° 20″ N and 77° 20″ E). The measurements were carried out from 45 locations of Mandya district at 1 m above the ground surface for radiometric, geophysical and environmental surveys using a lightweight portable radiation dosemeter ER‑709. The indoor and outdoor absorbed gamma dose rate in air varied from 66.12±0.8 to 131.89±5.5 nGy per h with a geometrical mean value of 97.79±2.6 nGy per h and 45.94±0.7 to 80.39±2.6 nGy per h with a geometrical mean value of 58.75±1.5. The indoor and outdoor effective doses vary from 0.32 to 0.65 mSv per y with a geometric mean value of 0.48 mSv per y and 0.06 to 0.10 mSv per y with a geometric mean value of 0.07 mSv per y which is slightly higher when compared with the worldwide average of the effective doses. The indoor and outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) of residents along the different locations varies from 1.14 × 10−3 to 2.26 × 10−3 with a geometric mean value of 1.68 × 10−3 and 0.20 × 10−3 to 0.35 × 10−3 with a geometric mean value of 0.25 × 10−3 which is similar to the worldwide average of the ELCR.

Cardiotoxicity is a well-known side effect of several cytotoxic drugs, especially of the anthracyclines and can lead to long term morbidity. The mechanism of anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity seems to involve the formation of free radicals leading to oxidative stress. This may cause apoptosis of cardiac cells or immunologic reactions.CYP has been recorded to be carditoxic. Amlodipine and carvedilol has been exploited to test its cardioprotective activityvon CYP induced cardiotoxicity. Objective: the aim of this study was assessment of cardioprotective effect of Amlodipine and carvedilol on CYP induced cardiotoxicity in albino wistar rats by measuring the enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidant levels, serum enzyme levels and study of ECG alteration. Materials Methods: Albino wistar rats were allotted in to 4 groups (6 rats/group), normal control: (i.p. injection with normal saline), CYP group (200 mg/kg ip), Alodipine and CYP group (Amlo-10 mg/kg oral & CYP- 200 mg/kg ip), carvediol and CYP group (Carve-3mg/kg oral & CYP- 200 mg/kg ip) for 10 days of duration and ECG was measured using power lab software. Results: cardioprotects of amlodipine and carvediol significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum biomarkers like CK, CK-MB, LDH, calcium when compare to CYP induced cardiotoxicity. Amlodipine and carvediol has shown significant increase in the levels of tissue biomarkers such as SOD, GSH, catalase when compare to CYP induced cardiotoxicity. In Histopathological studies, the group treated with amlodipine + CYP and carvediol + CYP has shown intact arrangement of cardiac muscle fibres, intact integrity of myocardial cell membrane, myofibrillar structure with striations and continuity with adjacent myofibrils. Considering improvement in the serum biomarker levels and tissue biomarker levels amlodipine and carvediol showed cardioprotective activity. Finally it concluded that amlodipine and carvediol has cardio protective effect on cyclophosphamide induced rats.