In the present communication, graded photonic crystal with defect layer is introduced to investigate a biosensor application. The study uses the well‐known transfer matrix method to calculate the transmission spectra. One‐dimensional photonic crystal with defect layer is used to obtain the sensitivity, quality factor, and figure of merit of the proposed device. The angular dependence of localized mode is used to improve the sensing parameters. The sensor parameters can be significantly improved with the graded thickness parameter for the proposed structure.

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In this study, a graded thickness photonic crystal is studied containing metamaterial and air multilayers. Transmission spectra are calculated using the transfer matrix method. The transmission values of proposed structure increases with frequency and attain values as unity, which can show an application as optical high pass filter. The frequency corresponding to half transmission value i.e. cut-off frequency of proposed optical high pass filter can be tuned with the graded index parameter.

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In the present paper, we have investigated the solitonic characteristics of a pulse passing through an interface separating two nonlinear media. The first media is a thin film of gallium nanoparticles which show switching properties under optical excitation and second is a monomode optical fiber. Various properties of three different phases of gallium nanoparticles have been analyzed by using the equivalent particle theory and Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory.