Background: Cystic brain lesions may be exceedingly challenging to diagnose for both the radiologist and the neurologist. A biopsy or surgical approach followed by a histopathology study can pinpoint the exact final diagnosis in uncertain situations. Aims and Objectives: In the current study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are being investigated as diagnostic modalities. Materials and Method: Cystic brain lesions from 78 participants were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRS. TI-weighted image (T1WI), T2-weighted image (T2WI), DWI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), C+, and MRS imaging sequences are the parameters examined. Results: Pediatric group made up 29.5% of the entire population. The majority of the subjects (47.4%) had arachnoid cysts. About 79.5% of the individuals had hypointense T1WI, 100% had hyperintense T2WI, 82.1% had hypointense DWI, and 82.1% had high ADC. Arachnoid cysts contained lactate in 16.2% of the participants.Lipid was detected only in tumor lesions. Lactate with amino acid was observed in the abscess. Conclusion: Due to their noninvasive nature and low cost, DWI and MRS can be used as an adjunct to MRI, to improve the diagnosis of brain lesions.

Simple renal cyst (SRC) is uncommon paediatric pathology. It's spherical, round to oval. Perceptible wall, anechoic, without septa, and cyst is separated from the collecting system, and the cyst has no colour Doppler flow. They may be as small as a pea or as large as a golf ball. Simple renal cysts are filled with serous fluid and have a simple epithelial covering. They are less common in children with incidences of less than 0.5 percent, while adults have incidence of more than 10 %, and more than 30 % in adults aged 70 and older. The exact mechanism by which renal cysts form is unknown. There are a few theories of how the disease develops. The causative factor, according to one hypothesis, is a focal ischemia in a renal tubule that causes localised obstruction. According to another hypothesis, renal cysts are caused by calyceal diverticula that have lost contact with the adjacent calyx.1 Because of the increased use of ultrasound screening (USS), more children are being diagnosed with renal cysts. Asymptomatic and symptomatic cysts (abdominal pain, hematuria, etc.) are distinguished, but mostly asymptomatic cysts develop slowly, though complications such as bleeding, infection, or rupture may occur, particularly in younger children.2 Chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic kidney disease, malignant transformation, and symptomatic enlargement have all been identified in paediatric patients with renal cysts. The vast majority of renal cysts, fortunately, do not develop and remain largely unchanged over time. In cases of asymptomatic simple renal cysts in infants, a conservative management approach is used. Recent research supports the use of an ultrasound-based (US) adapted Bosniak classification system to classify renal cysts in children. This would result in lower rates of surgical treatments for benign lesions, as well as less ionising radiation from needless computed tomography (CT) scans. It would also mean less extended monitoring and associated morbidity.

Introduction: Knee injuries are one of the most common injuries in the athletic population. In case if left untreated, it leads to degenerative changes; hence, timely management is important. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to study the correlation between cruciate ligament and meniscal tear in sports injury. (I) to grade the cruciate ligament injury, (II) to classify the type of meniscal tear, and (III) to find the association between cruciate ligament injury and type of meniscal tear. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the institute of Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, Sawangi (Meghe), for the period of 2 years and included patients who came for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) knee with a history of knee injury while playing sports which reveals cruciate ligaments and meniscal injury are included in the study population. Results: In our study, there was a statistically significant difference was observed in anterior cruciate ligament tear and lateral meniscus tear in all grades. Conclusion: We found the diagnostic efficacy of MRI for lateral meniscus tear was statistically significant with anterior and PCL tears. Radiologists and surgeons must be more cautious in examining the lateral meniscus in MRI.

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