Retrospective study of the prelingual cochlear implantation programme under government scheme done at medical college hospital in central India. Forty-two prelingually deaf children screened and sent for cochlear implantation at our centre From March 2015 to Feb 2018 were reviewed with respect to their age, sex, preimplantation hearing aid use, surgical technique for cochlear implantation, type of FDA (USA) approved cochlear implant, post operative speech therapy and its outcome with respect to categories of auditory perception and speech intelligibility scoring were compared for children younger than 4 years and older than 4 years. For outcome measurement non parametric statistical method was used for any significance between the two groups. There was a wide range of children implanted ranging from 2 to 7 years. Both varia and mastoidectomy and posterior tympanotomy method of cochlear implantations were done with good rate complete insertion and electrode activation. There was no significant difference between the two group with regard to CAP and SIR outcomes after 1 year. In order to get better outcomes with respect to the speech language development, there is need to strengthen the early identification and cochlear implantation before 4 years of age in government approved schemes.

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To investigate the differentiating ability of psycho physical test which include contrast sensitivity function (CSF), dark adaptation (DA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in detecting functional losses in diabetic participants with and without retinopathy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study we examined 90 patients in L.N. Medical College and J.K Hospital, Kolar road, Bhopal between June to November 2017 including 60 diabetic patients (30 with retinopathy and 30 without retinopathy in fundus photography) with 30 control non-diabetic subjects matched for age and sex. The diabetic participants were sub grouped according to the level of retinopathy (EDTRS classification). CSF was examined by means of pelli robson chart in each eye; DA was assessed with photostress test and BCVA by Snellen chart. Results: When comparing visual performance of the right and left eyes of patients in each group, CSF was significantly lower in the diabetic eyes with retinopathy than in the normal eyes or the diabetic eyes without retinopathy. Comparing to control group, there was a statistically significant CSF loss in the diabetic eyes without retinopathy (P<0.05). The mean log MAR BCVA and DA abnormalities were significantly higher in the diabetic eyes with retinopathy than in the normal eyes or the diabetic eyes without retinopathy (P<0.001). There was no significant difference observed in mean log MAR BCVA and DA between those of diabetic eye with out retinopathy compared to the control group. Conclusion: There was significant difference observed in visual performance of those diabetics with retinopathy compared to those without. The findings also suggest that the appropriate combination of existing tests can be a useful method of improving screening accuracy in diabetic patients.

Background: Vitreous haemorrhage is one of the common causes of visual loss and it is due to number of risk factors. This study aims to establish an early etiology of vitreous haemorrhage in our environment which provides proper treatment to help in early absorption and prevention of complications so as to avoid irreversible damage to sight. Methods: A 20 months retrospective review of medical records of patients who admitted in the department of ophthalmology, Gandhi Medical College and associated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal with vitreous haemorrhage between from April 2010 to December 2011. Demographic data, etiological factors of vitreous haemorrhage and involved eye were amongst the information culled from the records and analysed. Results: Seventy five patients were seen over the period under review out of which 78% they were males. The age range was 16-45 years. Vascular disorders (48%) and trauma accounted for 29.33% of all the causes of vitreous haemorrhage. Conclusion: vascular disorder is a significant cause of vitreous haemorrhage in our environment affecting the all age group and while considering individual aetiological factors the ocular trauma showed highest incidence. The poor presenting visual acuity reflects the severity of causes of vitreous haemorrhage. Awareness needs to be increased to assess the causes and risk factors of vitreous haemorrhage.

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