The giant organs and enhanced concentrations of secondary metabolites realized by autopolyploidy are attractive for breeding the respective medicinal and agricultural plants and studying the genetic mechanisms. The traditional medicinal plant Chinese woad (Isatis indigotica Fort., 2n = 2x = 14) is now still largely used for the diseases caused by bacteria and viruses in China. In this study, its autopolyploids (3x, 4x) were produced and characterized together with the 2x donor for their phenotype and transcriptomic alterations by using high-throughput RNA sequencing. With the increase of genome dosage, the giantism in cells and organs was obvious and the photosynthetic rate was higher. The 4x plants showed predominantly the normal meiotic chromosome pairing (bivalents and quadrivalents) and equal segregation and then produced the majority of 4x progeny. The total 70136 All-unigenes were de novo assembled, and 56,482 (80.53%) unigenes were annotated based on BLASTx searches of the public databases. From pair-wise comparisons between transcriptomic data of 2x, 3x, 4x plants, 1856 (2.65%)(2x vs 4x), 693(0.98%)(2x vs 3x), 1045(1.48%)(3x vs 4x) unigenes were detected to differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including both up- and down-regulated ones. These DEGs were mainly involved in cell growth (synthesis of expansin and pectin), cell wall organization, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, response to stress and photosynthetic pathways. The up-regulation of some DEGs for metabolic pathways of functional compounds in the induced autotetraploids substantiates the promising new type of this medicinal plant with the increased biomass and targeted metabolites.

Corynebacterium striatum has developed into a new community-acquired and hospital-acquired multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacterium, and is a potential target pathogen for infection control and antibacterial management projects. In this study, non-duplicate samples of inpatients were collected from a local central hospital. Mass spectrometry showed that 54 C. striatum isolates mainly appeared in secretion and sputum from 14 departments. Protein fingerprint cluster analysis showed that the isolates were divided into four groups, most of which appeared in summer. The drug resistance test showed that all strains had multi-drug resistance, with high resistance rates to lincosamides, quinolones and tetracycline detected. Further analysis of the phylogenetic tree of C. striatum was conducted by cloning the 16S rRNA gene. It was found that isolates in the same department had high homology and tended to be located in the same branch or to be crossed in the same main branch. The strains in the same evolutionary branch group had the same drug resistance. Screening of site-specific recombinant elements revealed that 18 strains had integrase genes with the same sequence. This study shows that there may be mobile genetic elements in clinical isolates that drive gene exchange among strains, thus causing the cross-infection, spread and evolution of pathogenic bacteria in the hospital.

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To investigate the academic status of students and to analyze the trend of students' academic achievement in a new local college of medicine and probes into the key control factors that affect the students' academic failure. Academic cleaning, questionnaire investigation and interview were used to analyze the status of students' failure, college teaching management and students' management, and the descriptive analysis method was used to analyze the data. 1. Failure status. The number and failure rate of students in a medical school for the academic year 2014-2018 generally showed an upward trend, with the highest number in the next academic year 2017-2018. The failure rate of clinical medicine and nursing were 32.6 percent and 28.1 percent respectively. 2. Fail course. The first four degree courses were physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, systematic anatomy, preventive medicine. 3. Major cause of failure. The main reasons for failure were that the learning methods were not correct and the knowledge points were more resistance, the teaching method of teachers were monotonous and boring, the experimental equipment were insufficient, the guidance of experimental teachers was not enough, the study room was not enough, and the management mode of students' education was not appropriate. The number of students transferred to major was too large. 4. Students' attitude to failing and teaching expectation. 88.5percent students should learn lessons and review them carefully after failing, and the reform of teachers' teaching methods expected by students in turn was curriculum integration, mixed type, MOOCs, case type, flipping class, Problem-based learning (PBL). The failure rate of students in a certain medical college was increasing. The failure of degree course was more serious, the students' learning method was impertinence, the degree course was difficult, the teaching is monotonous, and the teaching guarantee condition was insufficient. The main reason of failure was that the student management mode was not suitable and the ratio of students to teachers was too high. Keywords-new local undergraduate medical college; academic status; failure; key control factors650

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