In this work, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) hybrid materials composited with substituted germanic heteropoly acids were prepared. Infrared (IR) spectra revealed that the Keggin structure characteristic of the GeM 11 VO 40 52 anion were present in the hybrid materials. At room temperature (208C), the conductivity of the products is 4.07 3 10 23 S cm 21 and 2.12 3 10 23 S cm 21 , respectively. The results indicated that the conductivity of substituted germanic heteropoly acids PEG hybrid materials is higher than that of the corresponding pure substituted germanic heteropoly acids. According to the experimental results, we proposed a possible mechanism of the proton conduction of the hybrid materials.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) thin films were fabricated with a single target by magnetron sputtering method. The effects of sputtering parameters such as base temperature, heat treatment temperature and sputtering power on the properties of films were analyzed. The surface morphology, composition and crystal structural property of the films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It shows from the results that CIGS films fabricate without substrate heating can lead to Se coagulation bubbles on the surface after heat treatment process. Substrate heating at 200°C can effectively prevent such drawbacks. Heat treatment temperature and sputtering power have apparent effect on the crystallization of CIGS phase. The optimized parameters of the sputtering process are heat treated at 400℃ and sputtering power at 165W.