Background and Method:The study was an observational study which was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology after the Institutional Ethics Committee clearance with an aim to Evaluation of Etiology of Postmenopausal Bleeding using Invasive Methods. We included all postmenopausal women who presented any time after one year of menopause with postmenopausal bleeding. Detailed history, clinical examination, per speculum and per vaginal examination were done systematically to evaluate the clinical diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding. A thorough general systemic and per vaginal examination were done. Investigations including both invasive and noninvasive test were advised. Result: Cervical Biopsy was found to be most specific for pin-pointing the etiology of the postmenopausal bleed, followed by endometrial biopsy and hysteroscopy. Conclusion: PMB due to its social implications and a general unacceptability from our society is usually reported less and if reported is usually not followed up. We need to raise the awareness regarding this particular symptom and treat it with equal zest and vigour as done for other gynecological pathologies. Not many studies are available on PMB and furthermore probing in it will enhance our knowledge not just for malignancies and their prompt management but also for other pathologies associated with it.

Background and Method:The study was an observational study which was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Postgraduate Institute, Indore in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology after the Institutional Ethics Committee clearance with an aim to Evaluation of non-invasive and invasive tests in Women with Post-Menopausal Bleeding. We included all postmenopausal women who presented any time after one year of menopause with postmenopausal bleeding. Detailed history, clinical examination, per speculum and per vaginal examination were done systematically to evaluate the clinical diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding. A thorough general systemic and per vaginal examination were done. Investigations including both invasive and noninvasive test were advised. Result: As far as the findings of Endometrial Biopsy is concerned, in 24 cases, there was proliferative phase endometrium and in 13 cases, it was secretory phase endometrium. In maximum No. of cases (30 cases), the cervical biopsy was not done, whereas in 24 cases, it was unremarkable, but in equal No. of cases, it was found to be with chronic cervicitis. On PAP smear examination, in 22 cases, it was Grade 2 inflammation, whereas 2 cases each, it was Senile Vaginitis and HSIL. In 47 cases, it was Bulky Uterus, whereas it was atrophic uterus in 8 cases on USG examination. It was NOT DONE in 7 cases. Conclusion: Duration of postmenopausal bleed was from 1 month to 2 years. Post-menopausal bleeding is a gynecological entity that requires extensive investigative actions so as to delineate its exact cause and treat it accordingly. In our study, amongst non-invasive procedures TVS and amongst invasive procedures cervical biopsy was most accurate, from which we inferred that once TVS is suggestive of ET>4 mm, is when we should take the patient up for any invasive procedure.

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of extrauterine ectopic pregnancy. Risk factors such as reproductive treatments and infertility have been identified in recent studies. In this article, we present a case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy occurring following in vitro fertilization treatment and a fresh embryo transfer. The diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy was made during transvaginal sonography performed due to suspected ectopic pregnancy. Ovarian ectopic pregnancy is a rare clinical phenomenon. Late diagnosis and lack of appropriate intervention may have catastrophic results. Several mechanisms and risk factors are proposed, and their acknowledgment may improve early diagnosis and prevention of complications.