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Arsenic is naturally found in the rocks of the Pleistocene and Holocene ages in the groundwater aquifer media. The district Ballia has many reports which are focused on arsenic contamination in its different blocks. This article is devoted to a thorough study of hydrogeochemical characteristics and the source of origin of arsenic in the groundwater system of the Ballia district. The relationship between this hydrogeologically present arsenic and various cations and anions including some physicochemical parameters are discussed here. These observations have been done using ICP MS and ion chromatographic techniques. The relationship study has been done by using a correlation matrix which is further proven by the dendrogram. Different types of loading plots of various principal components have also been studied with the help of principal component analysis. The nature and quality of groundwater are studied with the help of a piper plot. This research article is a complete and detailed study of the nature of groundwater in district Ballia. It also enlightens the source of arsenic contamination in the study area.

Toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals in ground and surface water due to the release of effluents from industries holds the potency to cause temporary or permanent damage to the living organisms in the near vicinity of these industries. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater resources owing to its contamination in Banthar Industrial Area. Using DRASTIC model in combination with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), a groundwater vulnerability map was developed, which indicated that the dispersal of Chromium was in the range of 300–1000 µg/l. In order to study the impact of Chromium dispersion, the authors proposed a batch adsorption testing of the Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) using different bio-adsorbent materials, keeping a pH range of 3–9 and the contact time between 0–80 minutes. Adsorption isotherms and Kinetic studies were also considered. All adsorbents followed the Langmuir isotherm (R2 > 0.986), whereas Temkin isotherm stated the affinity of the adsorbents for the Cr (VI). The reactions between Chromium and the bio-adsorbents were found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics, which indicated that the reactions were exothermic. The results proposed that a modification in the bio-adsorbents caused an enhancement in the percent adsorption of Cr (VI) in comparison to the natural available bio-adsorbents.

Toxicity due to the presence of heavy metals in ground and surface water due to the release of effluents from industries holds the potency to cause temporary or permanent damage to the living organisms in the near vicinity of these industries. This paper aims to assess the vulnerability of groundwater resources owing to its contamination in Banthar Industrial Area. Using DRASTIC model in combination with Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), a groundwater vulnerability map was developed, which indicated that the dispersal of Chromium was in the range of 300 -1000 μg/l. In order to study the impact of Chromium dispersion, the authors proposed a batch adsorption testing of the Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) using different bio-adsorbent materials, keeping a pH range of 3 -9 and the contact time between 0-80 minutes. Adsorption isotherms and Kinetic studies were also considered. All adsorbents followed the Langmuir isotherm (R 2 > 0.986), whereas Temkin isotherm stated the affinity of the adsorbents for the Cr (VI). The reactions between Chromium and the bio-adsorbents were found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics, which indicated that the reactions were exothermic. The results proposed that a modification in the bio-adsorbents caused an enhancement in the percent adsorption of Cr (VI) in comparison to the natural available bio-adsorbents.