The purpose of this study was to determine caregivers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on the prevention and care of pressure injuries (PIs) in individuals with spinal cord injury. A quantitative cross-sectional study with descriptive correlation design was used to implement a modified semistructured questionnaire using a convenient sampling method. McDonald’s standard of learning outcome measurement criteria was used to categorize caregivers’ KAP. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) was utilized to assess the relationships between caregivers’ KAP, with a p value of 0.05 or less considered statistically significant. The study findings indicate that caregivers had a moderate level of knowledge (M = 73.68%, SD = 6.43), a neutral attitude (M = 70.32%, SD = 6.89), and a moderate level of practice (M = 74.77%, SD = 9.08). A positive correlation existed between caregivers’ knowledge and attitude (r = 0.30, p < 0.01 ), as well as between knowledge and practice (r = 0.37, p < 0.01 ). Nevertheless, there was no correlation between attitude and practice (r = 0.12, p > 0.05 ). The study findings suggest that caregivers need to develop a positive attitude and expand their knowledge in order to improve their practice. The KAP factors that require higher priority were positioning and turning the patient, preventing skin breakdown, assessing weight changes over time, interest in patient care, additional care for PIs, frequently changing the individual’s position, priority to PI care, interest in other types of care other than PIs, using special cushions, consulting doctors on a regular basis, being aware of clothing and fabrics, proper transfer technique, pressure relief, and skin inspection, among others.

Background: Evidence-based practice is considered as one of the most accepted practice all over the world. Physiotherapists in Nepal have started evidence-based practice, but there has been no study regarding evidence-based practice in physiotherapy in Nepal.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 164 physiotherapists working in different clinics and physiotherapy centers of selected districts of Nepal. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed and collected later.Results: It was found that the physiotherapists had a positive attitude towards evidence-based practice with 95.2% agreeing or strongly agreeing that evidence-based practice is necessary forthe practice of physical therapy and an overall total mean score of 34.73(72.35%) out of 48 and an overall mean 2.8 out of 4. It was also found that physiotherapists had moderate knowledge towards evidence-based practice with an overall total mean score of 19.18(68.5%) out of 28 and an overall mean of 2.74 out of 4. It was found that those having a specialization degree had two times greater knowledge than without specialization. The major barriers to evidence-based practice were obtained insufficient time and traditional methods of treatment.Conclusions: Physical therapists of Nepal stated they had a positive attitude towards evidence-based practice with the majority of the physiotherapists interested in learning more about the topic. They believed that they needed to increase the use of evidence in practice. They thought major barrier as insufficient time hence continuous professional development training that incorporate evidence-based practice were of greater importance.Keywords: Attitude; barrier; evidence-based practice; knowledge.

Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional survey study. Objective To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among caregivers regarding prevention and care of pressure ulcer in patients with spinal cord injury and relationship between KAP. Setting: Centre for Rehabilitation of Paralysed, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods A descriptive correlational design with modified semi-structured questionnaire implemented through convenient sampling procedure. McDonald’s standard of learning outcome measured criteria was used to categorize caregivers’ level of knowledge and practice while, the total scores of attitude were categorized into three levels based on mean percentage and standard deviation: negative attitude below (mean ± 1 SD), neutral level (mean ± 1 SD), and positive attitude above (mean ± 1 SD). The pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) was used to examine the relationships between caregivers’ KAP and p- value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results Our results suggest that caregivers had a moderate level of knowledge (M = 73.68%, SD = 6.43), neutral level of attitude (M = 70.32%, SD = 6.89), and moderate level of practice (M = 74.77%, SD = 9.08). There was a positive correlation between caregivers’ knowledge and attitude (r = 0.30, p < 0.01), and between knowledge and practice (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). However, no correlation existed between attitude and practice (r = 0.12, p > 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggests that caregivers need to develop a positive attitude and increase their knowledge in order to improve their practice.

Purpose:The study aimed to identify the effects of the CBR programme on parents of children with Cerebral Palsy, living in Karnataka State, India. It also tried to find the challenges and improvements needed to make the CBR programme more effective. Method:A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was used to collect a sample of 100 parents of children with Cerebral Palsy, with GMFCS levels IV and V. The sample was drawn from various communities in Bangalore, Davanagere and Bijapur, where the services of The Association of People with Disability are available. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the study subjects. Data was analysed by SPSS using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results:It was observed that the CBR programme had a positive effect on parents' health, knowledge, social lives and empowerment. A binary logistic regression was done to find the relationship between health, knowledge, social lives and assistive devices use. A strong association was found between all the areas (p=.001) except GMFCS and assistive devices use (p=.004) at 95% CI. The odds ratios between them were greater than 1 and showed the strong positive effect of the CBR programme on parents. Conclusion:The CBR programme not only has a positive effect on children with Cerebral Palsy, but also plays an important role in parents' lives. It contributes in a positive way to parents' overall activity.

Primary intraventricular brain abscess is a rare entity. Not many cases are reported yet. Moreover, proper guidelines for the treatment, conservative treatment or surgery, has not yet been established. Its outcome is also unpredictable and usually poor.We present a 11-year-old girl with wide spread intraventricular brain abscess. There was no obvious cause for the abscess formation. Cardiac status was normal by history and ECHO. She was treated surgically with external ventricular drainage (EVD). There was significant improvement after EVD. Intraventricular flushing was done with the solution of injection Gentamycin and hydrocortisone. However, the patient expired while planned for discharge from the hospital due to sudden cardiac arrest.A bigger study is needed to assess the various factors of intraventricular brain abscess including epidemiology, treatment, outcome etc in the Nepalese context.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:88-90, 2015