Aims: This study aims to evaluate the bond strength (BS) and microleakage (ML) of the newer bonding agents to enamel and dentin. Objective: (1) To analyze the BS between self-etch and total-etch adhesives. (2) To analyze the depth of ML between self-etch and total-etch adhesives. Materials and Methods: Sixty mandibular premolars were fabricated and randomly divided into three groups: Group I ( n = 20)-bonded with self-etch adhesive + nanohybrid, Group II ( n = 20) with total-etch adhesive + micro hybrid and Group III ( n = 20) with total-etch adhesive + nanocomposite. Teflon ring molds were used to make composite resin cylinders bonded to the buccal surface. Class II box cavity was prepared on the samples' proximal surface and condensed with composite resin with each group's specific bonding protocol. Shear BS and ML testing were conducted, and data analyzed. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal–Wallis analysis was done to statistically differentiate the BS and ML between the three experimental groups; the P < 0.05, it showed a statistically significant difference. Intergroup comparison was made using the Mann–Whitney U test. Conclusions: Within this study's limitation, resin bonded with self-etch G-Premio Bond used in selective etch technique showed the highest BS and resistance to ML.

Need for invention and applications of newer materials are quintessential in every field, especially in dentistry. In the branch of conservative dentistry & endodontics, bioactive materials have been extensively used for repair, regeneration and reconstruction. These bioactive materials have evolved over the years with newer compositions & more applications.This article summarizes the concept of bioactivity, compares the various available bioactive materials and showcases the advancements in this class of dental materials.

The permanent teeth with open apex and large periapical lesion are diffi cult to treat as a traditional root canal procedure, therefore calcium hydroxide place an important role in reducing the periapical infl ammation. Management of open apex can be done using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) which can be placed in apical 3-4 mm. The case reports present two cases with traumatized upper anterior teeth. The radiographic evaluation revealed open apices with blunderbuss canals, the canal was cleaned using intracanal instruments and 5.25% NaOCl and fi nal irrigation with 2% chlorhexidine. To obtain canal disinfection slurry of calcium hydroxide was temporized in the canal. In subsequent appointments, 3-4 mm was created with MTA and allowed to set. Subsequently, the root canals were obturated. A positive clinical resolution of this case is encouraging for the use of white MTA as an apical plug, in immature teeth with open apex.

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Aim: The effective delivery of irrigants into the inaccessible areas of the root canal system is the prerequisite for a proper disinfection of the root canal system. Numerous activation devices that can provide effective delivery of the irrigant and aid in the success of the root canal treatment are available. The activation of irrigants has claimed to be effective in in vitro and clinical trials. Hence, the present systematic review aims to analyze the effect of irrigants and irrigating devices in disinfecting the root canal system. Materials and Methods: A literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria included clinical trials, both in vivo and ex vivo. The exclusion criteria included animal studies, textbooks, review articles, and case reports. The patients who required endodontic treatment along with the activation of irrigants were chosen as participants for the review. Result: The search strategy screened around 132 articles, out of which only 10 were selected for the present systematic review. The risk of bias was calculated based on the following scores: 3, high; 2, moderate; and 1, low. In the present systematic review, four articles were categorized into low-risk bias, three articles were classified as moderate risk, and three articles belonged to the high-risk category. Conclusion: The present systematic review concluded that the use of a mechanical activation device along with the irrigant will help in better removal of the smear layer and debris from the root canal system, improving the cleanliness and helping achieve more successful endodontic treatment.