A novel C(sp3)–H bond arylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) derivatives with Knochel-type arylzinc reagents has been developed. In the presence of MgCl2, arylzinc reagents readily reacted with THIQ derivatives under oxidative conditions, affording a wide range of potentially biologically active compounds in good yields. Moreover, the developed method can tolerate a variety of sensitive functional groups such as an ester group.

A relay catalytic protocol using pyrrolidine and palladium catalysis has been developed for asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-diamine derivatives from 3-substituted 1,3-dienes, sulfuric diamide, and aldehydes. This one-pot, three-component reaction features the advantages of a high atom step economy and operational simplicity, providing an efficient and straightforward access to valuable 1,3-diamines incorporating quaternary and tertiary stereogenic centers with moderate to good enantioselectivity.

The Rauhut‐Currier reaction generally employs α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and nitroalkenes as the substrates. Here we develop an enantioselective formal [4+2] annulation reaction, which is initiated by an intermolecular cross Rauhut‐Currier reaction between electron‐deficient ortho‐formyl‐styrenes and 2‐benzoyl‐acrylonitriles catalyzed by an L‐phenylglycine‐derived phosphine, followed by a cascade aldol/acyl transfer/elimination process. A series of enantioenriched dialin frameworks with an unusual exo‐double bond are furnished in fair to good yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity, and the architectures with higher molecular complexity can be constructed via simple transformations.

Under the catalysis of Lewis bases, cyclic enones bearing an α-(2-furyl) motif can undergo remote Friedel–Crafts reaction with electrophilic reagents via a HOMO-activation strategy, proceeding in a formal vinylogous Rauhut–Currier or Morita–Baylis–Hillman-type reaction pattern. Moreover, even less reactive α-(2-benzofuranyl)-substituted cyclopeten-2-ones can be similarly HOMO-raised and furnish [4 + 2] products with alkylidenemalononitriles in a cascade Friedel–Crafts/Michael addition process.

Introduction: Blood glucose levels and diabetes distress are the foremost factors contributing to diabetes treatment outcomes and managements. No tailored intervention program was implemented for patients with diabetes in Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a tailored intervention program in lowering blood glucose levels and diabetes distress among patients with diabetes patients in Indonesia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-test and post-tests was applied. A total of 163 people with diabetes were collected for both intervention (n=80) and control (n=83) groups: A diabetes-tailored intervention program was attempted in the intervention group. Descriptive statistics, Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data (significance level <0.05). Results: The mean blood glucose levels and diabetes distress before and after in the intervention group were 255.19 mg/dl, and 245.60 mg/dl (p-value >0.05); 2.46 and 2.01 (p-value <0.01). While the control group's mean of blood glucose levels and diabetes distress before and after the intervention was were 227.81 mg/dl, and 245.94 mg/dl (pvalue <0.05); and 2.37 (p-value >0.05). Conclusions: The diabetes-tailored intervention program is effective on decreasing blood glucose levels and diabetes distress, and showed a significant result to diabetes distress.