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BackgroundThe commonest malignancy in women is known as breast cancer (BC). Numerous studies demonstrated that apoptosis appears to be critical to the management and clinical outcome of BC patients. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential connection between apoptosis and BC and establish the apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC.MethodsThe data of BC patient transcripts and related clinical information comes from the Cancer Genome Atlas Database (TCGA), and the genes related to apoptosis come from the Molecular Characterization Database (MSigDB). We identified the abnormally expressed apoptosis-related genes in BC samples. The optimal apoptosis-related genes screened by Cox regression analysis were designed to construct a prognostic model for predicting BC patients. Using the Nom Chart to Predict 1-Year, 3-Year, and 5-Year overall survival for BC patients. The gene signature-related functional pathways were explored by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).ResultsThree genes [alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 receptor (IL3RA), apoptosis-inducing factor mitochondrial-associated 1 (AIFM1), and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase catalytic alpha (PIK3CA)] correlated with apoptosis were shown to be strongly linked to the overall survival of BC. Survival analysis shows that the risk score is directly proportional to the poor prognosis of BC patients. Risk assessment based on three genetic characteristics (age, pathological stage N, and pathological stage M) can independently predict the prognosis of patients with BC. The Nom chart is most suitable for assessing the long-term survival rate of BC patients. The results of GSEA demonstrated that numerous cell cycle-related pathways were abundant in the high-risk group.ConclusionWe constructed an apoptosis-associated gene signature in BC, which had a potential clinical application prospect for BC patients.

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The hydrocarbon source of Bohai Bay Basin is dominated by oil-prone kerogens of type II2-II1 within semi-deep and deep lacustrine facies. In the Neogene period, faults were well-developed via significant structural activity. The Bohai Sea is generally considered to have no geological basis for the formation of large natural gas fields. Through analogous analysis of domestic and international gas fields, the key geological factors that restrict formation in continental rift lacustrine basins were studied, including gas source, preservation conditions, and reservoirs. A natural gas enrichment and accumulation model within a petroliferous basin is presented. The model indicates that rapid subsidence and high-intensity gas generation within petroliferous sags during the late stages were main contributors to natural gas field formation. Archean metamorphic buried hill reservoirs and thick, overpressure mudstone with strong vertical sealing ability provided favorable storage space and preservation, respectively. Using the model, an integrated Archaean metamorphic buried hill condensate gas reservoir, Bozhong 19–6, was discovered in the Bohai Bay Basin. The natural gas reserves are about 450×109 m3, equivalent to oil production of 800 ×106 m3, and signify a breakthrough in natural gas exploration of continental rift lacustrine basins in China.

Carbonate buried hill madeexploration breakthroughs recently in the offshore Bohai Bay Basin, China, but the plane distribution of the buried hill reservoirs are unclear due to the highly heterogeneous. Taking the CFD2 oilfield as an example, based on core, thin section, seismic, and well logging data, the characteristics of Carbonate buried hill reservoirs in the study area were clarified, the formation mechanism of the reservoirs was discussed, and the development model of the reservoir was established. The results show that the reservoirs are mainly fractured-dissolved reservoirs, and the formation of the reservoirs is mainly related to structural fractures and fluid dissolution along the fractures. The NWW-trending structural fractures were formed under the control of the Indosinian compression, and the NEE-trending structural fractures were formed under the control of the Yanshanian strike-slip transpression. Dolomite is more brittle than limestone and is the main lithology for forming effective fractures. Structural fractures provide favorable channels for atmospheric water dissolution. The C and O isotope values reveal that at least two stages of dissolution have occurred in the study area which are supergene karstification and burial karstification. A model of the fractured-dissolved reservoir under the control of “structure-lithology-fluid” was established. This model highlights that the structural fractures formed by tectonic activities are crucial to reservoir development, and lithology is the internal factor controlling reservoir distribution. Dolomite exhibits the compressive strength of only half of the limestone, and it is the dominant lithology for reservoir development. The dissolution of atmospheric water in the two stages along the fractures greatly improved the physical properties of the reservoirs, and it is the guarantee for the development of effective reservoirs.