Reliability of La-silicate gate dielectrics with tungsten carbide gate electrode have been investigated by Constant Voltage Stress (CVS) measurement. During constant voltage stress of the MOS capacitors, La-silicate MOS capacitors with tungsten carbide gate electrodes show better reliability due to the nice interface properties.

Rationale: Drusen are precursor lesions to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Although cuticular drusen are located between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch’s membrane, as are conventional drusen, they possess unique characteristics that are distinct from those of conventional drusen on clinical presentations. Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a rare complication in eyes with cuticular drusen. Patient concern: A 58-years-old man was referred to our institute for the treatment of persistent subretinal fluid (SRF) in both eyes. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed focal SRF that did not involve the central macula of the right eye and SRF in the central macula of the left eye. Fluorescein angiography exhibited focal leakage corresponding to SRF and hyperfluorescence resembling a “stars in the sky” appearance in both eyes. On initial presentation, the best-corrected visual acuity values were 1.2 and 0.9 in the right and left eye decimal formats, respectively. Diagnosis: Cuticular drusen presenting with CSC in both eyes. Interventions: No treatment was administered for CSC in the right eye, whereas photodynamic therapy was administered for CSC in the left eye. Outcomes: At the 6-month visit, extrafoveal SRF persisted in the right eye and resolved in the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.9 to 1.2 in the decimal format in the left eye. Lessons: Although cuticular drusen presenting with CSC are rare, physicians should be aware of the possibility of CSC development in eyes with cuticular drusen.