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BackgroundOsteosarcoma, the most common primary bone malignancy, has an extremely poor prognosis and a high rate of local recurrence and distal metastases. Because osteosarcomas of the head and neck region are rare, accounting for less than 10% of all osteosarcoma cases, limited information is available about their treatment and prognosis. Because of the high rate of distal metastases associated with extragnathic osteosarcoma, surgery combined with chemotherapy is currently considered essential in its treatment. However, the role of chemotherapy has not been well elucidated in the treatment of head and neck osteosarcoma because of the rarity of this condition.Case presentationIn this report, we present the case of a 58-year-old Japanese woman with osteosarcoma of the mandible that was treated with radical surgery combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. Because the tumor showed rapid growth during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was suspended and surgical resection was performed, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. No evidence of local recurrence and distal metastasis was found 14 months after initial treatment. Local control is considered a principal prognostic factor for head and neck osteosarcoma.ConclusionsWide surgical excision should be considered a primary goal even during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, especially in cases that respond poorly to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objective Recent studies have demonstrated the pro‐tumour role of CD36 in multiple cancer types. However, its role has not been well elucidated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we aimed to evaluate the role of CD36 in proliferation and migration of OSCC cells. Methods Human OSCC cell lines HSC‐2, HSC‐3, HSC‐4 and Ca9‐22 were assessed for proliferation by staining with the cell proliferation marker Ki‐67. We also assessed migration activity, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules such as E‐cadherin and β‐catenin and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) of CD36‐positive cells. Results CD36‐positive cells showed increased expression of Ki‐67 and migration activity compared with CD36‐negative cells. Moreover, CD36‐positive cells showed reduced expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin, whereas the expression of PDGFRs increased compared with that in CD36‐negative cells. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that CD36 has an important role in facilitating the proliferation and migration activity of OSCC cells, indicating its usefulness in the diagnosis of high‐grade tumour and targeted therapy of oral cancer.

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