Past research has shown that members of a given culture have consensual and stable perceptions of the affective meanings of many social concepts (Heise, 2010). We define "affective meanings" as semantic structures of concepts grounded in emotional experience (see Osgood, 1962; Osgood, May, & Miron, 1975; Rogers, Schröder, & von Scheve, in press; Schröder & Thagard, 2013). People rely on those meanings as sources of implicit cultural knowledge that constrains day-today social interaction (Heise,
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