The research examines the role and importance of income from tomorka (small household) farm activities in rural areas. The factors influencing the formation of income from tomorka farm activities were also assessed economically through tobit regression model, and a VIF (Variance inflation factor) test was performed to determine their multicollinearity. Anonymous surveys of 170 landowners in 4 districts of Samarkand region have been used in the analysis. The increase in income from tomorka farm is due to the increase in farmland area, consumption of organic and mineral fertilizers, seed and seedling costs, crop preparation costs, and the distance from tomorka farm to 'Tomorqa Xizmati' LLC and mineral fertilizer outlets, and the age of landowners is 1 percent (p). <.01) was found to be statistically significant. It is also scientifically substantiated that the satisfaction of landowners with water supply in irrigating their arable lands, the information of the landowner, the presence of family members aged 0-3 years are statistically significant at 5% (p <.05). However, it was found that the gender and number of family members of landowners were not statistically significant in increasing the income from the activities of tomorka farm. Based on the results obtained, scientifically based proposals have been developed to increase the income of the rural population from tomorka farm activities.

The paper aims to assess and reduce the risks associated with infrastructure, financial, natural and environmental, farm management, and political changes among smallholders in tomato supply chain entities. Uncertainties related to the producer, buyer, infrastructure, finance, natural and environmental, management, and political changes in STSC take into account risk levels' assessment. These threats were assessed using Fuzzy Linguistic Quantifier Order Weighted Aggregation (FLQOWA) model. The obtained results showed the level of risk arising in production, cooperation, infrastructure, and financial issues. At the same time, measures to reduce risk levels were taken in the study. According to the results, applying "written contract" and "insurance" to collaborative relationships to reduce risk levels has been shown to reduce risks to 0.6 coefficients. The results obtained from this investigation will have a positive effect if policymakers use the applications to increase the economic cooperation between the subjects in STSC.

In this scientific research, the role and importance of using innovations in the income from tomorka farm activities in rural areas is studied. Also, the “The Innovation use index” is developed using factor analysis to assess the impact of the use of innovations on the income from tomorka farm activities. The analysis based on the data of 1428 respondents who took part in a social survey conducted in the rural areas of Samarkand region. The influence of the innovation index on the income from tomorka farm activities is determined to be statistically significant at 1 percent (p<.01). Particularly, it is based that, a 1% increase in the index of the use of innovations to increase the income from tomorka farm activities by 32.9%. Based on the results of the analysis, proposals were made to increase income from tomorka farm activities in rural areas and to introduce opportunities for using innovations.

10.8% of the population in the world, or more than 840 million people, are undernourished. The report of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) states that although population growth has been slowing down in recent years, this growth is expected to increase in some countries until 2050. There is a high emergency of increasing food insecurity all over the world. In the case of Uzbekistan, the population is growing rapidly annually. Yet, in the country prevalence of both obesity and overweight are increasing. Additionally, micronutrient deficiencies remain high for women of reproductive age and children. In this article, one of the best indicators of food security in respect of food access is the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) used to analyze and spread healthy diets in rural households of the Samarkand region. A total of 140 observations were taken from rural households. The mean Households DDS was 8.2. Results indicated most of the food groups consumed through their own production. However, more than 50% of all members in the households did not consume fruits, greens, pulses, and legumes due to a lack of food access. It seems there is a positive correlation between dietary diversity and own production in some circumstances, but not in all cases. In that case, own production is positively associated with dietary diversity in some situations, but not an absolute. Nevertheless, appropriate nutrition-sensitive agricultural programs will encourage both food production and consumption. Analysis shows nutrition information has a significant role in improving DDS. Promoting nutrition education via interventions, for example, information on healthy eating and a well-balanced diet through mass media, educational institution curriculum, and field days to upgrade better nutrition at household and individual levels.

No abstract