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Vascular dementia is the second common cause of dementia, only second to Alzheimer's disease in later life. The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism as a risk factor in vascular dementia has been suggested, but direct evidence from genetic association studies remains inconclusive even in Chinese population. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis in order to evaluate the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and susceptibility to vascular dementia in Chinese population by pooling data from all relevant case-control studies published domestically and abroad from January 1990 to May 2011. 18 case-control studies were selected. Meta-analysis results showed that the pooled OR value of vascular dementia subjects in Chinese population with ε4 allele carriers was 2.07 [95% CI (1.69, 2.53)], and the pooled OR value of vascular dementia subjects with E4/E4 genotype was 3.34 [95% CI (1.89, 5.88)]. These results suggest that ApoE polymorphism is significantly associated with susceptibility to vascular dementia in Chinese population. The subject with at least one ε4 allele or E4/E4 genotype has higher risk suffering from vascular dementia than others.

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In this paper, we present cooperation adaptive con trollers for two cooperating robotic manipulators moving an object with constrained trajectoryiforce in the presence of dynamics uncertainties and external disturbances, The cooperating ma nipulators are described as an aggregation of subsystems. For control design, first a decentralized local dynamics coupled with physical interactions between subsystems is developed, and then a decentralized adaptive control merging parameter adaptation and disturbance observer is constructed, such that motion and force trajectories converge to the desired manifolds and the effect of nonparametrizable uncertainties is compensated by the disturbance observer. Experiment studies are carried out to show the efficiency of the control design.