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We investigated the antitumor effects of four fractions of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo (D. officinale) polysaccharides with different molecular weights (Mw), Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) and Lentinus edodes polysaccharides (LNT) on colorectal cancer (CRC) using a zebrafish xenograft model. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to further explore the possible antitumor mechanisms of D. officinale polysaccharides. Fractions of D. officinale polysaccharides, LNT, and APS could significantly inhibit the growth of HT-29 cells in a zebrafish xenograft model. One fraction of D. officinale polysaccharides called DOPW-1 (Mw of 389.98 kDa) exhibited the strongest tumor inhibition. Compared with the control group, RNA-seq revealed that the DOPW-1–treated experimental group had 119 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 45 had upregulated expression and 74 had downregulated expression. Analyses using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes suggested that the pathway “apoptosis-multiple species” was the most significantly enriched. Our data indicated that 1) fractions of D. officinale polysaccharides of Mw 389.98 kDa were most suitable against CRC; 2) DOPW-1 could be developed into a clinical agent against CRC; and 3) an apoptosis pathway is important for DOPW-1 to inhibit the proliferation of HT-29 cells.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been widely used in many industrial fields due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. Particularly, the inter-particle affinity can significantly affect the behaviors the fluid interfaces. In this paper, the rheological properties of TiO 2 nanoparticles at two-phase interface were summarized by measuring and calculating its dilatational viscoelasticity and dilatational phase angle changes in the adsorption and aggregation of TiO 2 nanoparticles at the air/water interface using bubble and droplet morphology analysis methods. The experimental results show that the dilatational modulus and dilatational elasticity of the interface first increase with the concentration, and then decrease slightly after reaching the adsorption limit, while the dilatational viscosity continues to increase, the interface is still dominated by elasticity as a whole. With the increase of the dilatational frequency, the dilatational modulus and elasticity increase rapidly and then tardily, while the dilatational viscosity decreases quickly. It can be seen that the final interface tends to be pure elastic. Moreover, the phase Angle increases with the concentration and decreases with frequency. As a quantitative feature of viscoelasticity, the phase Angle also reflects the viscoelastic variation trend of the interface.