Figure 1. Diverse fiber structures and wide-ranging applications of electrospinning. Adapted under the terms of the CC-BY Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licensen (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0). [21] Copyright 2020, The Authors, published by De Gruyter.

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High-performance breathable bio-based membranes have attracted considerable attention worldwide due to the limited fossil energy resources and the demand for sustainable development.As the most abundant polysaccharide, cellulose is an almost inexhaustible raw material with hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, chemical modifying capacity, etc. that has demonstrated versatile applications. Herein, cellulose membranes (CEMs) with mechanically strong property, self-adaptive breathability, and excellent biocompatibility were fabricated by a green technology. The obtained CEMs exhibited an increased integrated mechanical property with the broken strength and broken elongation improved from 54.2 to 137.4 MPa and from 4.7 to 18.3%, respectively. Moreover, the obtained cellulose membranes exhibited a self-adaptive breathability with varying temperature and relative humidity (RH), and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of CEMs was much better than that of some famous commercial products, such as 3M-Nexcare. Besides that, cytotoxicity testing results revealed that CEMs were noncytotoxic, with cell viability reaching up to 97%, showing an excellent biocompatibility. Simultaneously, compared to the pristine cellulose membrane, the transmittance and water repellency of cross-linked membranes have been improved to some degree. It is believed that the achieved membranes are effective and scalable products for meritorious applications in medical bandages, wound healing, smart apparels, building materials, and so forth.

Coronary artery disease is the “first killer” in the world, while the classical treatment for this disease is to implant stent. An ideal vascular stent should be nontoxic with self‐expanding characteristics, quick expanding speed, and appropriate mechanical supporting property. However, no existing vascular stent covers all properties. Herein, a two‐way shape‐memory cellulose vascular stent, which can realize shape adjustments by mild solutions such as water and alcohol, is constructed. The shape‐memory characteristics, mechanical properties, cell toxicity, and biocompatibility, are systemically investigated by ex vivo experiment as well as molecule simulation and theoretical modeling, revealing that the achieved bilayer two‐way shape‐memory films (BSMFs) can be used as an artificial vascular stent. In particular, this vascular stent made from BSMFs shows superb biocompatibility according to live/dead cell viability assays. Ex vivo experiments reveal that the novel vascular stent can support arteria coronaria sinistra, or the left main coronary artery, at the opening state while the cross‐section of the vessel becomes two times larger than that of the initial state after implantation. Thus, it is believed that effective and scalable BSMFs can make meritorious fundamental contributions to biomaterials science and practical applications such as vascular stents.

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