Purpose The aim of the present study was to determine whether supplementation of resveratrol, a stilbenoid antioxidant with therapeutic significance, influences goat (Capra hircus) oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development and expression of apoptosis and early embryonic development-related genes. Methods Five different concentrations of resveratrol (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 μM) were used in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium. Cell tracker blue and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H 2 DCFDA) fluorescent stains were used to assay intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels in mature oocytes. Parthenogenetic activation and hand-made cloning were performed to check the developmental potential following resveratrol treatment. We used quantitative real-time PCR to analyze embryonic gene expression. Result Compared to control, no significant improvement was observed in nuclear maturation in resveratrol-treated groups and at 5.0 μM concentration maturation rate decreased significantly (P <0.05). But resveratrol treatment at the concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 μM significantly reduced intracellular ROS, and increased GSH concentrations. Oocytes treated with 0.25, 0.5 μM resveratrol when subsequently used for PA and HMC, higher extent of blastocyst yields were observed. Expression analysis of proapoptotic (Bax) gene in mature oocytes, cumulus cells, and HMC-derived blastocysts revealed lesser transcript abundances in various resveratrol-treated groups., however no change in the same was observed for antiapoptotic gene (Bcl2). Differential expression of genes associated with developmental competence and nuclear reprogramming was also observed in HMC-derived blastocysts. Conclusion Our results show that resveratrol treatment at optimum concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 μM) during IVM produced beneficial microenvironment within oocytes by increasing the intracellular GSH, decreasing ROS level and this in turn, stimulated embryonic development and regulated gene expression.

Background: Injury or inflammation to the animal body resulted in the initiation of the acute-phase response (APR). Many plasma proteins increase in concentration in response to inflammatory stimuli, but C- reactive protein is considered as the most suitable markers due to their rapid and substantial increase in concentration and short half-lives. The CRP response varied according to the degree of surgical trauma on 3-standardized levels indicating CRP as an inflammatory activity indicator and monitoring markers. The aim of this study was to assess CRP concentrations in female dogs undergoing laparoscopic and open elective ovariectomy. Methods: The studies were conducted on twenty clinically healthy, adult, female dogs under elective spaying. Twenty healthy bitches were randomly assigned into four groups (A, B, C and D) consisting of five animals in each group. The studies were conducted in two phases (I and II).In phase I ovariectomy had been performed in animals of groups A and B with laparoscopy whereas, in phase II ovariectomy in animals of groups C and D were done by open laparotomy. Result: The pre-treatment CRP values did not show any significant change whereas post treatment values of group B were significantly lower as compared to groups D and C. On day 4th, group D values were significantly higher than groups C, B and A. Group C values were also significantly higher than group B. The highest value in group D might be due to more surgical manipulations and post-operative infection at surgical site in the animals under this group.

The present study was carried out to evaluate the biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in femaledogs undergoing laparoscopic and open elective ovariectomy at Bihar Veterinary College, Patna in 2016-17.Twenty healthy animals were randomly divided into four groups, viz. A, B, C and D consisting of 5 animals each. Theovariectomy was performed through laparoscopy in Group A and Group B. Open elective ovariectomy procedurewas used in Group C and Group D. Evaluation of surgical techniques was done on the basis of biomarkers foroxidative stress and antioxidant activity at Pre, Post and 4th day post surgery. The superoxide dismutase level onday 4th in Group B showed significant difference with highest value followed by Groups A, C and D respectively.The catalase levels on day 4th in Group B were significantly different from Groups A and D but not from Group C.The values within the groups were significantly higher on day 4th as compared to pre and post intervals of time.It can be concluded that less oxidative stress is induced during surgical procedure by laparoscopy as compared toopen laparotomy ovariectomy in canines.

Adult stem cells derived from all possible sources of livestock serve as the best possible alternative to embryonic stem cells. The discovery of mesenchymal stem cells has provided the new horizon to stem cell therapy. Adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADSCs), an easy source of adult stem cell has created a lot of interest among researchers as patient specific treatment and autologous transplantation in animals is becoming a viable option. The proposed study was carried out for 1) isolation of ADSCs from dogs, suffering from hip dysplasia or from paraplegia, 2) ADSC characterisation and in vitro differentiation ability into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes and neurocytes specific cells. Adipose tissues were collected from belly/umbilical cord region. ADSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion method followed by enriching through a 41 μm filter. Filtered cells were then resuspended in cell culture flasks containing growth enriching medium and cultured in 5% CO2 in air at 37°C for 5 days. ADSCs were characterised by amplification of mesenchymal stem cell specific markers i.e. CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD166 and by immunocytochemistry of mesenchymal stem cell specific protein i.e. CD44 and CD90. ADSCs were further in vitro differentiated. ADSCs derived osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes were validated through the amplification of specific markers of osteocytes (Osteopontin, Collagen I); chondrocytes (Aggrecan and Collagen II) and adipocytes (LPL, PPARα, PPARγ). Dog ADSCs were further autogenic transplanted into hip dysplasia and paraplegic patients. These patients recovered well one month from transplantation and were able to move freely. It may be concluded that these findings may have implications for defining the physiological roles of ADSCs in arthritis; orthopaedic ailments, joint regeneration, neuronal disorders, and several other applications leading to novel therapeutic opportunities.

Background The study was conducted to assess the characterization, differentiation, and in vitro cell regeneration potential of canine mesenteric white adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). The tissue was harvested through surgical incision and digested with collagenase to obtain a stromal vascular fraction. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the stromal vascular fraction were characterized through flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Assessment of cell viability, in vitro cell regeneration, and cell senescence were carried out through MTT assay, wound healing assay, and β-galactosidase assay, respectively. To ascertain the trilineage differentiation potential, MSCs were stained with alizarin red for osteocytes, alcian blue for chondrocytes, and oil o red for adipocytes. In addition, differentiated cells were characterized through a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results We observed the elongated, spindle-shaped, and fibroblast-like appearance of cells after 72 h of initial culture. Flow cytometry results showed positive expression for CD44, CD90, and negative expression for CD45 surface markers. Population doubling time was found 18–24 h for up to the fourth passage and 30±0.5 h for the fifth passage. A wound-healing assay was used to determine cell migration rate which was found 136.9 ± 4.7 μm/h. We observed long-term in vitro cell proliferation resulted in MSC senescence. Furthermore, we also found that the isolated cells were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Conclusions Mesenteric white adipose tissue was found to be a potential source for isolation, characterization, and differentiation of MSCs. This study might be helpful for resolving the problems regarding the paucity of information concerning the basic biology of stem cells. The large-scale use of AD-MSCs might be a remedial measure in regenerative medicine.