Objectives • To assess the intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among the control group. • To assess the effectiveness of ambulation on intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among the experimental group. • To assess the usefulness of ambulation by opinionnaire among experimental group. • To compare the effectiveness of ambulation on the intensity of labor pain and outcome of labor among experimental and control groups. • To find an association between the intensity of labor pain with selected demographic variables. Materials and methods An experimental research approach was used for the study. Random sampling technique was used to allocate the subjects into experimental and control groups. Visual analog scale was used to assess the intensity of pain and observational check list was used to assess the outcome of labor. The study comprised of 40 primigravida mothers and they were grouped as experimental and control through randomization. One group received ambulation treatment, the other did not. The researcher then observed the groups to determine the effect of the treatment. Results The collected data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The intensity of pain revealed that 40% in the experimental and 55% in the control groups experienced severe pain. The labor augmentation revealed that both oxytocin and cerviprime gel was used for 30% in the experimental and 35% in the control groups. On the mode of delivery, majority of mothers (60%) had normal vaginal delivery both in experimental and control groups. On the duration of the first stage of labor revealed that 50% in the experimental and 20% in the control groups were between 10 to 12 hours. Second stage of labor revealed that majority were between 1 and 2 hours in both the control and experimental groups. The opinion of experimental group mothers on ambulation revealed that half of the mothers (50%) agreed for recommending the ambulation for their neighbors and friends and less than half (35%) of them have agreed for comfort during first stage of labor and 40% of them have agreed for ambulation should be made as a routine in labor room. In the experimental group, mean pain score (6.8) is less than the control group (7.5). The calculated Mann-Whitney Z-value (2.045) is greater than the Z α-value of 1.960 at 0.05 level of significance. In the experimental group, the mean duration of first stage of labor score (3.95) is significantly higher than the control group mean score (3.00). The mean outcome of labor in experimental group (13.95) is greater than the control group. Conclusion There was a significant difference in the duration of first stage of labor between the experimental and control groups. But, there was no significant difference in the overall outcome of labor between experimental and control groups. There was no significant association between intensity of labor pain with selected demographic variables. This may be because of small sample size. How to cite this article Savitha V, Nayak S, Paul S. Effect of Ambulation during First Stage of Labor on Labor Pain and Outcome of Labor among the Primigravida Mothers in a Selected Hospital, Mangalore. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(1):1-3.

Introduction Breastfeeding is not a choice but it is a responsibility. While breastfeeding may not seem the right choice for every parent, it is the best choice for every baby. Antenatal education motivates the mothers who are undergoing Cesarean section to prepare themselves, so as to establish a wonderful efficient latch. The aim of this study was to conclude which breastfeeding position may be the best choice for the mother with Caesarean section. The objectives of the study were (1) to identify the maternal comfort and infant feeding behaviors in groups 1 and 2, (2) to compare the maternal comfort and infant feeding behaviors between the groups, and (3) to find the association between maternal comforts with selected demographic characteristics. The literature also very well supports that especially the mothers with Cesarean section achieve very good maternal comfort, greater satisfaction, and favorable infant feeding behaviors in side-lying position. Thus, the researcher attempts to compare the cradle hold and side-lying breastfeeding position in terms of maternal comfort and efficient latch. Materials and Methods An evaluative research approach was used and the design selected for the study was quasiexperimental for two groups posttest only. Sample comprised of 70 antenatal mothers with elective Cesarean section (35 in each group) admitted at K.S. Hegde Hospital in Deralakatte, Mangalore. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. Data were collected by using demographic proforma, maternal comfort rating scale, and infant behavior checklist. Results The results of the study shows that there was significant difference in the mean posttest scores between cradle hold and side-lying breastfeeding position. Mothers from the side-lying breastfeeding position group showed higher maternal comfort, mean posttest score, and favorable infant feeding behaviors than the cradle hold breastfeeding position. The independent sample t test revealed that the calculated t value for maternal comfort and infant feeding behaviors within the group and between the group less than the table value t (0.05, 68 = −2.042). Conclusion This study explores that mothers with Cesarean section show greater maternal comfort and favorable infant feeding behaviors in side-lying breastfeeding position between the groups and within the groups than the cradle hold.

Background Dysmenorrhea is a common problem which can alter the daily routines of females. Primary dysmenorrhea affects 40 to 90% women. Dysmenorrhea sufferers account for 3 among 4 women as per evidences. Traditional remedies are chosen to get some relief because of their least side effects. These remedies have a favorable effect in reducing dysmenorrhea. Ginger is used since ancient times as various forms of alternative medicine. One of the traditional uses of ginger is for pain relief, including menstrual pain. The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness of ginger tea in dysmenorrhea.Objectives The objectives of this study are (1) Assess the level of dysmenorrhea among nursing students. (2) Determine the effectiveness of ginger tea on dysmenorrhea among nursing students. (3) Find the association between level of dysmenorrhea before the administration of ginger tea and demographic variables. Methodology A quantitative research approach with quasi-experimental design was considered. The sample comprised of 50 students with moderate and severe menstrual pain as per numerical pain rating scale. The baseline data was collected. Ginger tea was prepared by the researcher and administered 120 mL to the subjects; on the first 2 days of menstruation in the morning and night after breakfast and dinner, respectively. Level of different aspects of pain was assessed before the administration as well as 2 hours after administration of ginger tea using Pain Quality Assessment Scale. Pre-and post-test were taken before as well as 2 hours after administering the drink. A total of four doses are given and ratings were measured eight times. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The present study revealed that the median score of all seven characteristics of pain was higher in the preintervention when compared with postintervention. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was a significant difference in level of pain between the experimental and control groups (p < 0.05). Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that there was a significant difference in pain measurements before and after the administration of ginger tea (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that ginger tea was effective in reducing menstrual pain. Chi-square test and likelihood ratio were used to find the association between baseline dysmenorrhea with demographic and clinical variables. It was found that there is no significant association (p > 0.05). The responses given by Abstract Keywords ► ginger tea ► effectiveness ► dysmenorrhea ► nursing students

The study was conducted to identify the effect of foot reflexology on the quality of life among menopausal women employed in various schools from 01.08.2011 to 01.10.2011. An evaluative approach with one group pre-test post-test design was used for the study. The present study was conducted among various schools in Mangalore. The collected data from 117 samples were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Distribution of the samples based on the quality of life revealed that 78.6% had a good quality of life, 15.4% had an average quality of life and 6% had a very good quality of life. With regard to the menopausal symptoms, 55.6%, 24.8% and 19.7% experienced mild, moderate and severe symptoms respectively. 52 women with moderate to severe symptoms were selected and administered foot reflexology for 10 consecutive days. The mean post-test scores of the subjects in the quality of life was 59.43 were significantly greater than the mean pre-test score of 53.89 and the mean post-test scores in the menopausal symptoms was 16.82 which was significantly lower than the mean pre-test score of 21.82. The study also revealed a negative correlation (r= -0.653, p<0.005) between the quality of life and menopausal symptoms. There was significant association between the demographic variables and the quality of life.

Introduction The time of examination and evaluation is a stressful period where stress is on its highest levels. To some extent, low level of stress can help in motivating the students; however, on the contrary more stress can be discouraging. It will make students exhausted, overwhelmed, and confused. So, the present study focuses on assessing the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among undergraduates. The objectives of the study were: determining the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among students and find out the correlation and association between academic test anxiety and self-esteem. Materials and Methods A quantitative research approach had been adopted and descriptive correlational survey design was used to identify the academic test anxiety and self-esteem among first year students from selected constituent colleges of NITTE (Deemed to be University) at Paneer campus. The sample consisted of 300 first year undergraduate students. The participants were selected using convenient sampling technique. The data were collected using the sociodemographic pro forma, standardized Westside Test Anxiety Scale and State Self-Esteem Scale. The data were computed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient test, Fisher's exact value, and chi-square value. Result Majority of (79.9%) of the participants were in the age group of 18 to 19 years. The mean age of the participants was 18.56 ± 0.928 with minimum age 17 and maximum age of 21. Regarding entry level percentage of marks (Pre-University Course/+ 2), 34.7% of participants secured with more than 80% of marks in their entry level examination followed by 38.2% of the participants scoring between 70 and 79% and only 16 (5.6%) participants counted between 45 and 59%. Majority (76%) of the participants were females. The study reveals that 32.3% of the participants experienced moderate level of test anxiety and 17% of the participants experienced severe level of test anxiety followed by 34.7% participants experiencing mild levels of test anxiety. The mean test anxiety score was 2.97 ± 0.55 which indicates that average participants were showing moderate level of test anxiety. There is a significant medium positive correlation between academic test anxiety and self-esteem (r value = 0.497 and p ≤ 0.001). As the p-value was more than 0.05 (p = 0.09, p = 0.86), there is no significant association found between previous academic performance with level of academic test anxiety or self-esteem. Conclusion The study concludes that, students' self-esteem can be enhanced and test anxiety can be reduced by creating an enabling environment for mentoring where they can practice assertiveness skills which will in turn boost their confidence to perform all academic tasks successfully.