No abstract

Phialophora verrucosa (P. verrucosa) is a pathogen that can cause chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. Recent evidence suggests that neutrophils can produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that can protect against invasive pathogens. As such, we herein explored the in vitro functional importance of P. verrucosa-induced NET formation. By assessing the co-localization of neutrophil elastase and DNA, we were able to confirm the formation of classical NETs entrapping P. verrucosa specimens. Sytox Green was then used to stain these NETs following neutrophil infection with P. verrucosa in order to quantify the formation of these extracellular structures. NET formation was induced upon neutrophil exposure to both live, UV-inactivated, and dead P. verrucosa fungi. The ability of these NETs to kill fungal hyphae and conidia was demonstrated through MTT and pouring plate assays, respectively. Overall, our results confirmed that P. verrucosa was able to trigger the production of NETs, suggesting that these extracellular structures may represent an important innate immune effector mechanism controlling physiological responses to P. verrucosa infection, thereby aiding in pathogen control during the acute phases of infection.

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB) refers to skin reactions such as bullae and necrosis, which occurs after being bitten by mosquitoes and can present with multiple systemic reactions such as fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly simultaneously or subsequently. A 48-year-old male patient presented with recurrent erythema, nodules, papules, vesicles and bullae over upper body and bilateral limbs with itching over the sites of mosquito bite for more than 1 year with low-grade fever and superficial lymph nodes enlargement. The patient's symptoms failed to improve from conventional anti allergic treatment although skin biopsy showed changes of HMB reaction. Subsequently, the lymph node was biopsied and was reported to be nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL), and then the patient was eventually diagnosed with nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB. To date only one case of nodal marginal zone lymphoma with HMB has been reported from Korea, and this is the first case to be reported in China.

Summary Introduction The incidence rate of psoriasis vulgaris (PSV) coexisting with Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is low. Through our thorough literature search, we found that PSV arising on JDM with superficial fungal infection of facial skin is rarely reported. So, we hereby, report a case of combination of the above three diseases. Meanwhile, we also reviewed the previous literatures aiming at the related basis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of the diseases. Interestingly, of all cases, this case is the only one in which the symptom of muscle weakness preceded the appearance of rash. Case Presentation A 21‐year‐old man diagnosed with JDM 6 years ago came to our inpatient department due to the appearance of new rash. Skin examination showed some sharply demarcated scaly plaques over the head, neck, torso, and bilateral upper limbs with pruritus and scaling. Histological examination and typical clinical manifestation confirmed the diagnosis of PSV for his new rash. Family history was negative for JDM and PSV. The clear erythema located on his face revealed the existence of superficial fungal infection with the help of fungal fluorescence microscopy. He had marked improvement of his symptoms with the treatment given at our department. In the past 3 months, the patient has been on regular follow‐up at our outpatient department, and his condition is stable at present. Discussion This paper presents a case of PSV arising on JDM coexisting with superficial fungal infection on the face hoping that this will help clinicians in the better diagnosis of the diseases during literature search.

Background: Fusarium species are environmentally ubiquitous fungi capable of causing diverse super cial, locally invasive, or disseminated infections, making them important pathogens. Compared with antibacterial drugs, the types of antifungal drugs are still limited, and the adverse reactions are signi cant. Therefore, novel treatments against Fusarium spp. are an urgent need.Results: Here we investigated the interaction of amorol ne combined with voriconazole on Fusarium spp. Our study demonstrated that amorol ne in combination with voriconazole could inhibited the Fusarium spp. signi cantly. Galleria mellonella was also used as a model to show the interaction of the two-drug combination in vivo against Fusarium spp.; larval survival rates were signi cantly higher after treatment with the amorol ne-voriconazole combination compared to the monotherapy group.Conclusions: This study is the rst to demonstrate that voriconazole combined with amorol ne has a synergistic effect against Fusarium spp. infection and may be an effective method for antifungal therapy.