Magnetic gears are a new and rapidly emerging technology. Compared to mechanical gears, they enjoy the advantage of having inherent overload capability. However, their torsional stiffness is much lower than mechanical gears, resulting in oscillations during transient changes in speed and load. Damper windings have been used in synchronous generators to suppress oscillations due to transients, and they are applied to the magnetic gear for the same purpose. It is believed that this is the first attempt to add a passive means of oscillation damping to the magnetic gear, whereas all other previous means have been active.Index Terms-Damper windings, finite element analysis (FEA), magnetic gears, permanent magnets (PMs).

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Design aspects of the trans-rotary magnetic gear (TROMAG) integrated rotary machine are discussed in this paper, with particular focus on optimizing system cost and weight. Analytical models are used for design of the TROMAG. Optimal designs of the rotary machine are found by using a populationbased genetic algorithm and two-dimensional finite-element analysis and thermal considerations. Weight, volume, and cost of the resultant system are then compared with the Pareto-optimal set of a permanent magnet linear tubular machine that is designed for the same force and speed specification. It is shown in this paper that, for high-force low-speed reciprocating motion applications, an electromechanical motion system consisting of a TROMAG and a rotary electric machine can far surpass a conventional direct drive linear machine in terms of weight, volume, and initial and operating cost.Index Terms-Finite-element analysis (FEA), linear permanent magnet (PM) machines, magnetic gear, trans-rotary magnetic gear.

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